avilib 是一个很小的封装模块，它可以将一些图片数据封装成视频格式。在一些比较差的摄像头中，他们只支持V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG 输出JPEG格式数据，以这种格式输出的数据，并不是标准的JPEG图片数据。因此，如果只是把MJPEG输出的所有文件存成一个文件，那么这个文件其实并不能播放。据网上的一些资料介绍，说是缺少Huffman 表，需要自己手动插入一个Huffman表。在一些嵌入式设备中，他们直接将MPEG模式下输出的数据，然后通过JPEG解码库解码成RGB数据，然后直接丢到LCD的BUFF中就可以了（这种方法我没有测试过，只是看网上资料这么介绍）。
本人主要开发嵌入式设备，且刚接触图形编码时间不久，暂时还没有使用一些大的图片格式转换库，库文件是在网上找的，avilib只有一个文件编译之后的大小也只有几十K，他可以直接将v4l2 MPEG模式输出的数据封装成avi格式视屏。它提供的接口有：
- void AVI_set_video(avi_t *AVI, int width, int height, double fps, charchar *compressor);
- void AVI_set_audio(avi_t *AVI, int channels, long rate, int bits, int format, long mp3rate);
- int AVI_write_frame(avi_t *AVI, charchar *data, long bytes, int keyframe);
- int AVI_dup_frame(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_write_audio(avi_t *AVI, charchar *data, long bytes);
- int AVI_append_audio(avi_t *AVI, charchar *data, long bytes);
- long AVI_bytes_remain(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_close(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_bytes_written(avi_t *AVI);
- avi_t *AVI_open_input_file(charchar *filename, int getIndex);
- avi_t *AVI_open_fd(int fd, int getIndex);
- int avi_parse_input_file(avi_t *AVI, int getIndex);
- long AVI_audio_mp3rate(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_video_frames(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_video_width(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_video_height(avi_t *AVI);
- double AVI_frame_rate(avi_t *AVI);
- char* AVI_video_compressor(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_audio_channels(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_audio_bits(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_audio_format(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_audio_rate(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_audio_bytes(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_audio_chunks(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_max_video_chunk(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_frame_size(avi_t *AVI, long frame);
- long AVI_audio_size(avi_t *AVI, long frame);
- int AVI_seek_start(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_set_video_position(avi_t *AVI, long frame);
- long AVI_get_video_position(avi_t *AVI, long frame);
- long AVI_read_frame(avi_t *AVI, charchar *vidbuf, intint *keyframe);
- int AVI_set_audio_position(avi_t *AVI, long byte);
- int AVI_set_audio_bitrate(avi_t *AVI, long bitrate);
- long AVI_read_audio(avi_t *AVI, charchar *audbuf, long bytes);
- long AVI_audio_codech_offset(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_audio_codecf_offset(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_video_codech_offset(avi_t *AVI);
- long AVI_video_codecf_offset(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_read_data(avi_t *AVI, charchar *vidbuf, long max_vidbuf,
- charchar *audbuf, long max_audbuf,
- longlong *len);
- void AVI_print_error(charchar *str);
- charchar *AVI_strerror();
- charchar *AVI_syserror();
- int AVI_scan(charchar *name);
- int AVI_dump(charchar *name, int mode);
- charchar *AVI_codec2str(short cc);
- int AVI_file_check(charchar *import_file);
- void AVI_info(avi_t *avifile);
- uint64_t AVI_max_size();
- int avi_update_header(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_set_audio_track(avi_t *AVI, int track);
- int AVI_get_audio_track(avi_t *AVI);
- int AVI_audio_tracks(avi_t *AVI);
下面是一个简单的测试程序：
- /*=============================================================================
- # FileName: main.c
- # Desc: this program aim to get image from USB camera,
- # used the V4L2 interface.
- # Author: Licaibiao
- # Version:
- # LastChange: 2016-12-10
- # History:
- =============================================================================*/
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <linux/types.h>
- #include <linux/videodev2.h>
- #include <malloc.h>
- #include <math.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <sys/mman.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <assert.h>
- #include <sys/time.h>
- #include "avilib.h"
- #define FILE_VIDEO "/dev/video0"
- #define JPG "./out/image%d.jpg"
- typedef struct{
- voidvoid *start;
- int length;
- }BUFTYPE;
- BUFTYPE *usr_buf;
- static unsigned int n_buffer = 0;
- avi_t *out_fd = NULL;
- struct timeval time;
- float get_main_time(struct timeval* start , int update)
- {
- float dt;
- struct timeval now;
- gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
- dt = (float)(now.tv_sec - start->tv_sec);
- dt += (float)(now.tv_usec - start->tv_usec) * 1e-6;
- if (update > 0) {
- start->tv_sec = now.tv_sec;
- start->tv_usec = now.tv_usec;
- }
- return dt;
- }
- /*set video capture ways(mmap)*/
- int init_mmap(int fd)
- {
- /*to request frame cache, contain requested counts*/
- struct v4l2_requestbuffers reqbufs;
- memset(&reqbufs, 0, sizeof(reqbufs));
- reqbufs.count = 6; /*the number of buffer*/
- reqbufs.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
- reqbufs.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
- if(-1 == ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_REQBUFS,&reqbufs))
- {
- perror("Fail to ioctl 'VIDIOC_REQBUFS'");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- n_buffer = reqbufs.count;
- printf("n_buffer = %d\n", n_buffer);
- //usr_buf = calloc(reqbufs.count, sizeof(usr_buf));
- usr_buf = calloc(reqbufs.count, sizeof(BUFTYPE));/*** (4) ***<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">/</span>
- if(usr_buf == NULL)
- {
- printf("Out of memory\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- /*map kernel cache to user process*/
- for(n_buffer = 0; n_buffer < reqbufs.count; ++n_buffer)
- {
- //stand for a frame
- struct v4l2_buffer buf;
- memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
- buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
- buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
- buf.index = n_buffer;
- /*check the information of the kernel cache requested*/
- if(-1 == ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_QUERYBUF,&buf))
- {
- perror("Fail to ioctl : VIDIOC_QUERYBUF");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- usr_buf[n_buffer].length = buf.length;
- usr_buf[n_buffer].start = (charchar *)mmap(NULL,buf.length,PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,MAP_PRIVATE, fd,buf.m.offset);
- if(MAP_FAILED == usr_buf[n_buffer].start)
- {
- perror("Fail to mmap");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- }
- int open_camera(void)
- {
- int fd;
- /*open video device with block */
- fd = open(FILE_VIDEO, O_RDONLY);
- if(fd < 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr, "%s open err \n", FILE_VIDEO);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- };
- return fd;
- }
- int init_camera(int fd)
- {
- struct v4l2_capability cap; /* decive fuction, such as video input */
- struct v4l2_format tv_fmt; /* frame format */
- struct v4l2_fmtdesc fmtdesc; /* detail control value */
- struct v4l2_control ctrl;
- int ret;
- /*show all the support format*/
- memset(&fmtdesc, 0, sizeof(fmtdesc));
- fmtdesc.index = 0 ; /* the number to check */
- fmtdesc.type=V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
- /* check video decive driver capability */
- if(ret=ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap)<0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr, "fail to ioctl VIDEO_QUERYCAP \n");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- /*judge wherher or not to be a video-get device*/
- if(!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE))
- {
- fprintf(stderr, "The Current device is not a video capture device \n");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- /*judge whether or not to supply the form of video stream*/
- if(!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING))
- {
- printf("The Current device does not support streaming i/o\n");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- printf("\ncamera driver name is : %s\n",cap.driver);
- printf("camera device name is : %s\n",cap.card);
- printf("camera bus information: %s\n",cap.bus_info);
- /*display the format device support*/
- while(ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT,&fmtdesc)!=-1)
- {
- printf("\nsupport device %d.%s\n\n",fmtdesc.index+1,fmtdesc.description);
- fmtdesc.index++;
- }
- /*set the form of camera capture data*/
- tv_fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; /*v4l2_buf_typea,camera must use V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE*/
- tv_fmt.fmt.pix.width = 320;
- tv_fmt.fmt.pix.height = 240;
- tv_fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG; /*V4L2_PIX_FMT_YYUV*/
- tv_fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_NONE; /*V4L2_FIELD_NONE*/
- if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &tv_fmt)< 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"VIDIOC_S_FMT set err\n");
- exit(-1);
- close(fd);
- }
- init_mmap(fd);
- }
- int start_capture(int fd)
- {
- unsigned int i;
- enum v4l2_buf_type type;
- /*place the kernel cache to a queue*/
- for(i = 0; i < n_buffer; i++)
- {
- struct v4l2_buffer buf;
- memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
- buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
- buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
- buf.index = i;
- if(-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))
- {
- perror("Fail to ioctl 'VIDIOC_QBUF'");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
- if(-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type))
- {
- printf("i=%d.\n", i);
- perror("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
- close(fd);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- return 0;
- }
- int process_image(voidvoid *addr, int length)
- {
- #if 0
- FILEFILE *fp;
- static int num = 0;
- char image_name[20];
- sprintf(image_name, JPG, num++);
- if((fp = fopen(image_name, "w")) == NULL)
- {
- perror("Fail to fopen");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- fwrite(addr, length, 1, fp);
- usleep(500);
- fclose(fp);
- return 0;
- #endif
- int res = 0;
- float ret = 0;
- //ret = get_main_time(&time , 1);
- res = AVI_write_frame(out_fd, addr, length,0);
- //ret = get_main_time(&time , 1);
- //printf("AVI write time = %f\n",ret);
- if(res < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to write frame\n");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- return 0;
- }
- int read_frame(int fd)
- {
- struct v4l2_buffer buf;
- unsigned int i;
- memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
- buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
- buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
- //put cache from queue
- if(-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF,&buf))
- {
- perror("Fail to ioctl 'VIDIOC_DQBUF'");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- assert(buf.index < n_buffer);
- //read process space's data to a file
- process_image(usr_buf[buf.index].start, usr_buf[buf.index].length);
- if(-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF,&buf))
- {
- perror("Fail to ioctl 'VIDIOC_QBUF'");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- return 1;
- }
- int mainloop(int fd)
- {
- int count = 400;
- while(count-- > 0)
- {
- for(;;)
- {
- fd_set fds;
- struct timeval tv;
- int r;
- float ret = 0;
- ret = get_main_time(&time , 1);
- FD_ZERO(&fds);
- FD_SET(fd,&fds);
- /*Timeout*/
- tv.tv_sec = 2;
- tv.tv_usec = 0;
- r = select(fd + 1,&fds,NULL,NULL,&tv);
- ret = get_main_time(&time , 1);
- //printf("AVI write time = %f\n",ret);
- if(-1 == r)
- {
- if(EINTR == errno)
- continue;
- perror("Fail to select");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if(0 == r)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"select Timeout\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- if(read_frame(fd))
- {
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
- void stop_capture(int fd)
- {
- enum v4l2_buf_type type;
- type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
- if(-1 == ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_STREAMOFF,&type))
- {
- perror("Fail to ioctl 'VIDIOC_STREAMOFF'");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- void close_camera_device(int fd)
- {
- unsigned int i;
- for(i = 0;i < n_buffer; i++)
- {
- if(-1 == munmap(usr_buf[i].start,usr_buf[i].length))
- {
- exit(-1);
- }
- }
- free(usr_buf);
- if(-1 == close(fd))
- {
- perror("Fail to close fd");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- void init_avi(void)
- {
- charchar *filename = "avi_test.avi";
- out_fd = AVI_open_output_file(filename);
- if(out_fd!=NULL)
- {
- AVI_set_video(out_fd, 320, 240, 25, "MJPG");
- }
- else
- {
- perror("Fail to open AVI\n");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- void close_avi(void)
- {
- AVI_close(out_fd);
- }
- void main(void)
- {
- int fd;
- fd = open_camera();
- init_avi();
- init_camera(fd);
- start_capture(fd);
- mainloop(fd);
- stop_capture(fd);
- close_avi();
- close_camera_device(fd);
- }
- root@ubuntu:/home/share/test/v4l2_MJPEG_AVI# make clean
- rm -f *.o a.out test core *~ *.avi
- root@ubuntu:/home/share/test/v4l2_MJPEG_AVI# make
- gcc -c -o main.o main.c
- gcc -c -o avilib.o avilib.c
- gcc -o test main.o avilib.o
- root@ubuntu:/home/share/test/v4l2_MJPEG_AVI# ./test
- camera driver name is : gspca_zc3xx
- camera device name is : PC Camera
- camera bus information: usb-0000:02:00.0-2.1
- support device 1.JPEG
- n_buffer = 6
- root@ubuntu:/home/share/test/v4l2_MJPEG_AVI# ls
- avilib.c avilib.h avilib.o avi_test.avi main.c main.o Makefile test
- root@ubuntu:/home/share/test/v4l2_MJPEG_AVI#
这里需要注意，可能是因为我的USB驱动问题，读取JPEG需要的时间过长，导致录制的视频，播放的时候会出现快进的问题。另外，如果在设置v4l2 内存映射的时候，如果申请的buff 块太少也是会导致数据采集过慢的问题。
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