maven 的Project Object Mode

Project Object Model

pom中包含默认值例如build directory 默认是target;source directory默认是

src/main/java; test source directory默认是是src/test/java

goals和plugins 也是配置在pom.xml中， 当执行task或者goal时，maven去当前目录中寻找

pom.xml,读入这个文件并获得相关信息

pom结构

<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!-- The Basics -->
<groupId>...</groupId>
<artifactId>...</artifactId>
<version>...</version>
<packaging>...</packaging>
<dependencies>...</dependencies>
<parent>...</parent>
<dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement>
<modules>...</modules>
<properties>...</properties>
<!-- Build Settings -->
<build>...</build>
<reporting>...</reporting>
<!-- Project Meta Data -->
<name>...</name>
<description>...</description>
<url>...</url>
<inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear>
<licenses>...</licenses>
<organization>...</organization>
<developers>...</developers>
<contributors>...</contributors>
<!-- Environment -->
<issueManagement>...</issueManagement>
<ciManagement>...</ciManagement>
<mailingLists>...</mailingLists>
<scm>...</scm>
<prerequisites>...</prerequisites>
<repositories>...</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories>
<distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement>
<profiles>...</profiles>
</project>

Super POM

    the super POM 是maven 的default POM,所有的POMs 除非明确指定都要继承这个POM,

 

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <name>Maven Default Project</name>
 
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
 
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
 
  <build>
    <directory>${project.basedir}/target</directory>
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
    <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
    <testOutputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <!-- TODO: MNG-3731 maven-plugin-tools-api < 2.4.4 expect this to be relative... -->
    <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
   <pluginManagement>
       <plugins>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>1.3</version>
         </plugin>       
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2-beta-2</version>
         </plugin>         
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.4</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-ear-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.3.1</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-ejb-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.1</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.5</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.4.3</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-rar-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>        
         <plugin>                
           <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0-beta-8</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>                
           <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.3</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0-beta-7</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0.4</version>
         </plugin>         
         <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.3</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.1-alpha-2</version>
         </plugin>
       </plugins>
     </pluginManagement>
  </build>
 
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
  <profiles>
    <profile>
      <id>release-profile</id>
 
      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>performRelease</name>
          <value>true</value>
        </property>
      </activation>
 
      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-sources</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-javadocs</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
              <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    </profile>
  </profiles>
 
</project>

Minimal POM

 

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1</version>
</project>

项目坐标(Project co-ordinates) 是指groupId,artifactId,version

fully qualified artifact name 是指<groupId>:<artifactId>:<version>,例如com.mycompany.app:my-app:1

Project inheritance

pom中的下列元素会合并

dependencies

developers and contributors

plugin lists (including reports)

plugin executions with matching ids

plugin configuration

resources

 

<project>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
    <version>1</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-module</artifactId>
  <version>1</version>
</project>

如果想让子模块的groupId 和version同parent保持一致，就直接在子模块的pom.xml中省略这两个元素

使用<parent>元素，要确保要么parent元素代表的jar文件已经在本地的repository中或者父项目的xml在子module的上一级目录

或可以parent中加入子元素relativePath

 <relativePath>../parent/pom.xml</relativePath>

是从子模块的pom.xml到父模块的pom.xml的路径

Project Aggregation

区别于继承，是在父module中指明它所有的子，并把父模快的packaging 设为pom,这时子模块的pom文件不需要有

parent节点，并且子模块的pom.xml文件的上一级目录中有父模块的pom.xml

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
  <modules>
    <module>my-module</module>
  </modules>
</project>

module节点的值是com.mycompany.app:my-app:1到com.mycompany.app:my-module:1的pom.xml的相对路径

所以module元素的值可能是这样 <module>../my-module</module>

现在，用在父module上的maven命令也会作用在子模块上

 

继承与聚集的比较

使用继承是为了复用pom中的配置，一处修改，多处生效，并减少了冗余

使用聚集是为了让一个maven命令可以作用在所有的项目上

 

两者可以一起使用

1)子pom.xml中使用parent节点

2)父pom.xml中packaging为pom

3)父pom.xml中有modules节点

 

pom文件中的占位符与变量

为了donot repeat yourself,在pom中可以使用自己定义的或者预定义的variables

<version>${project.version}</version>

注意: 变量的处理是在继承之后，这意味着如果父项目定义了一个变量，子项目中也就同样定义了

一个变量，子项目中的会覆盖父项目中的

 

所有pom中是单一值的元素都可以用变量的形式引用，例如:${project.groupId}, ${project.version}, ${project.build.sourceDirectory}

 

project.basedir    当前项目所在目录

project.baseUri     当前项目所在目录，以URI的形式

maven.build.timestamp   build的开始时间

maven.build.timestamp的格式可以通过

<properties>

    <maven.build.timestamp.format>yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'</maven.build.timestamp.format>

  </properties>

  来定义, 定义字符采用SimpleDateFormat 类的格式

 

 <properties> 节点定义的变量均可以${name}的形式在这个pom.xml中引用