user quota and lvm operations in linux

These days i am doing some job on linux about user quota and lvm operation. The following is my notes :

 

1. First we should use fdisk to create a partition for lvm

 

fdisk /dev/sdb
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n (add a new partition)
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p(primary partition)

After selecting partition, we should select a type for the device
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L

 0  Empty           1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix       bf  Solaris       
 1  FAT12           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c7  Syrinx        
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  da  Non-FS data   
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS       4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set de  Dell Utility  
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext df  BootIt        
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       e1  DOS access    
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e3  DOS R/O       
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e4  SpeedStor     
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          eb  BeOS fs       
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi ee  EFI GPT       
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f1  SpeedStor     
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f4  SpeedStor     
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f2  DOS secondary 
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     fb  VMware VMFS   
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep       
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT   

Above is the all the filesystem type used by fdisk
usually when we use ext3 we choose 83(linux) and if we want to use lvm we choose 8e(linux lvm)

Here we talk about creating a lvm so we choose 8e

now we can use the lvm.

2. in linux there are some concepts we should know about lvm
physical volumn(pv)
volumn group(vg)
logical volumn(lv)

If we wanna use disk partition we just created using fdisk we should create pv with command pvcreate, e.g,
pvcreate /dev/sdb1
after that we can add a pv to a volumn group. if we do not have vg in the system,we should create one with command : vgcreate. eg.
vgcreate shadowvol /dev/sdb1
The command above means we create a volumn group with name shadowvol and add the pv /dev/sdb1 to the vg shadowvol
we also can add a pv to the existing vg with the command:vgextend, eg.
vgextend shadowvol /dev/sdb2
it means we can extend the shadowvol by adding another pv to it.
when we have a vg we can create a logical volumn with the command:lvcreate,eg
lvcreate -L400M -nsh_test shadowvol
it means we create a logical volumn of 400MB named "sh_test" in the vg shadowvol. If it works we can see the device /dev/shadowvol/sh_test
now we should format the logical volumn we just have created.
if we want to use xfs we should install additional software. in centos we should install
xfsprogs-2.9.4-1.el5.centos
xfsprogs-devel-2.9.4-1.el5.centos
xfsdump-2.2.46-1.el5.centos
kmod-xfs-0.4-2

now we can format the logical volumn with mkfs.xfs:
mkfs.xfs /dev/shadownvol/sh_test

after that we can mount /dev/shadowvol/sh_test to anyplace we want,eg.
mkdir -p /data/shadow_share ;
mount /dev/shadowvol/sh_test /data/shadow_share

About user quota in linux

first we can only apply user quota on the indepentent partition.
for example we have a partition named /dev/sdb2 and we mount it to the folder /mnt/ext1. we want add use quota on the folder we can do the following procedure.
1. mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /mnt/ext1
2. quotacheck -augv(u:user g:group v:show report,a:all)
3. quotaon -avug (open quota function, if we want to shutdown the quota we can use quotaoff -avug)
4. edquota -u username(edit the quota record for user named username) and if we wanna edit group quota record we can use edquota -g groupname
5. quota -uvs username (quota -gvs groupname) show the quota record for the user of group
6. repquota -auvsg(report quota record for user or group)

test: dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile bs=1M count=200(read from /dev/zero named bigfile and block size=1m,count=200)


 Wow, the note is in a mess but it is a real one.