oracle 压缩索引



创建数据:


SQL> create table tb_compress_index
  2  (
  3      user_year int not null,
  4      user_month int not null,
  5      user_date int not null,
  6      user_name varchar2(20) null
  7  );

表已创建。

SQL> DECLARE
  2    V_DATE INT;
  3    V_MONTH INT;
  4  BEGIN
  5    FOR I IN 1..100 LOOP
  6      V_DATE := I mod 30;
  7      V_DATE := V_DATE + 1;
  8      V_MONTH := I mod 12;
  9      V_MONTH := V_MONTH + 1;
 10      INSERT INTO tb_compress_index VALUES (2010, V_MONTH, V_DATE, 'user_' || I);
 11    END LOOP;
 12    COMMIT;
 13  END;
 14  /

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

查询:

SQL> WITH compress_index AS (SELECT * FROM tb_compress_index) SELECT * FROM compress_index WHERE ROWNUM < 10;

 USER_YEAR USER_MONTH  USER_DATE USER_NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
      2010          2          2 user_1
      2010          3          3 user_2
      2010          4          4 user_3
      2010          5          5 user_4
      2010          6          6 user_5
      2010          7          7 user_6
      2010          8          8 user_7
      2010          9          9 user_8
      2010         10         10 user_9

已选择9行。

SQL>

创建压缩索引,然后看执行计划:

SQL> create index idx_compress_index on tb_compress_index(user_year, user_month, user_date) compress 3;

索引已创建。

SQL> set autotrace traceonly
SQL> set linesize 120
SQL> select user_year, user_month, user_date from tb_compress_index where user_month = 12;

已选择8行。


执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2921924755

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name               | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |                    |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("USER_MONTH"=12)
       filter("USER_MONTH"=12)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          4  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
         11  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        613  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          8  rows processed

使用普通索引:

SQL> drop index idx_compress_index;

索引已删除。

SQL> create index idx_compress_index on tb_compress_index(user_year, user_month, user_date);

索引已创建。

SQL> select user_year, user_month, user_date from tb_compress_index where user_month = 12;

已选择8行。


执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2921924755

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name               | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |                    |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("USER_MONTH"=12)
       filter("USER_MONTH"=12)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
         66  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
         29  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        613  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          8  rows processed

SQL>

多测试几次


使用压缩索引

SQL> drop index idx_compress_index;

索引已删除。

SQL> create index idx_compress_index on tb_compress_index(user_year, user_month, user_date) compress 3;

索引已创建。

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

系统已更改。

SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

系统已更改。

SQL> select user_year, user_month, user_date from tb_compress_index where user_month = 12;

已选择8行。


执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2921924755

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name               | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |                    |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("USER_MONTH"=12)
       filter("USER_MONTH"=12)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
       1341  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
        264  consistent gets
         43  physical reads
          0  redo size
        613  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
         33  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          8  rows processed

SQL> select user_year, user_month, user_date from tb_compress_index where user_month = 12;

已选择8行。


执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2921924755

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name               | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |                    |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("USER_MONTH"=12)
       filter("USER_MONTH"=12)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          2  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        613  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          8  rows processed

SQL>

使用普通索引


SQL> drop index idx_compress_index;

索引已删除。

SQL> create index idx_compress_index on tb_compress_index(user_year, user_month, user_date);

索引已创建。

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

系统已更改。

SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

系统已更改。

SQL> select user_year, user_month, user_date from tb_compress_index where user_month = 12;

已选择8行。


执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2921924755

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name               | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |                    |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("USER_MONTH"=12)
       filter("USER_MONTH"=12)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
       1341  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
        264  consistent gets
         43  physical reads
          0  redo size
        613  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
         33  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          8  rows processed

SQL> select user_year, user_month, user_date from tb_compress_index where user_month = 12;

已选择8行。


执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2921924755

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name               | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |                    |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  INDEX FULL SCAN | IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX |     8 |   312 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("USER_MONTH"=12)
       filter("USER_MONTH"=12)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          2  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        613  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          8  rows processed

SQL>

所以,从性能上来看,压缩索引和普通索引没什么区别。


再看存储空间:

SQL> select index_name, compression, leaf_blocks, prefix_length from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX';


INDEX_NAME                     COMPRESS LEAF_BLOCKS PREFIX_LENGTH
------------------------------ -------- ----------- -------------
IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX             ENABLED            1             3

SQL>
SQL> select segment_name, bytes from user_segments where segment_name='IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX';

SEGMENT_NAME                                                                           BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX                                                                     65536

SQL> alter index idx_compress_index rebuild nocompress;

索引已更改。

SQL> select index_name, compression, leaf_blocks, prefix_length from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX';


INDEX_NAME                     COMPRESS LEAF_BLOCKS PREFIX_LENGTH
------------------------------ -------- ----------- -------------
IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX             DISABLED           1

SQL> select segment_name, bytes from user_segments where segment_name='IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX';

SEGMENT_NAME                                                                           BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
IDX_COMPRESS_INDEX                                                                     65536

SQL>

压缩前和压缩后的BYTES,没变。


所以,压缩索引不一定能节省空间,这就像平时用rar来压缩一本pdf,从43MB压缩到42MB,压缩了没多少。


压缩索引也有几个限制条件。例如,对于非唯一索引的情况,所有列都可以进行压缩;对于唯一索引,除了最后一列以外都可以进行压缩。



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