在django里使用多个数据库

1.2之后，  django支持在项目中使用多个DB. 那么到底如何使用呢？

1. 修改 settings.py

01 DATABASES = {

02     'default': {

03         'NAME': 'app_data',

04         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',

05         'USER': 'postgres_user',

06         'PASSWORD': 's3krit'

07     },

08     'users': {

09         'NAME': 'user_data',

10         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

11         'USER': 'mysql_user',

12         'PASSWORD': 'priv4te'

13     }

14 }

15  

16 DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['path.to.MyAppRouter']

2. 实现自己的DB routers，这里决定了每个程序使用的是哪个DB。

01 class MyAppRouter(object):

02     """A router to control all database operations on models in

03     the myapp application"""

04  

05     def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):

06         "Point all operations on myapp models to 'other'"

07         if model._meta.app_label == 'myapp':

08             return 'other'

09         return None

10  

11     def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):

12         "Point all operations on myapp models to 'other'"

13         if model._meta.app_label == 'myapp':

14             return 'other'

15         return None

16  

17     def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints):

18         "Allow any relation if a model in myapp is involved"

19         if obj1._meta.app_label == 'myapp' or obj2._meta.app_label == 'myapp':

20             return True

21         return None

22  

23     def allow_syncdb(self, db, model):

24         "Make sure the myapp app only appears on the 'other' db"

25         if db == 'other':

26             return model._meta.app_label == 'myapp'

27         elif model._meta.app_label == 'myapp':

28             return False

29         return None

同步数据库的时候，默认会同步到Default数据库，当然也可以通过 --database 来指定同步哪一个， 如下：

$ ./manage.py syncdb
$ ./manage.py syncdb --database=users

那么程序中如何来选择呢？

比如，下面的代码将选择default数据库

>>> # This will run on the 'default' database.
>>> Author.objects.all()

>>> # So will this.
>>> Author.objects.using('default').all()

但是下面的代码将选择other数据库

>>> # This will run on the 'other' database.
>>> Author.objects.using('other').all()

上面是查询的情况，保存的使用也一样，也是通过using来指定，如下:

>>> my_object.save(using='legacy_users')

删除的时候

>>> u = User.objects.using('legacy_users').get(username='fred')
>>> u.delete() # will delete from the `legacy_users` database

更多内容请至此查看： https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.3/topics/db/multi-db/