单片机入门学习十一 STM32单片机学习八 外部中断

单片机入门学习九 STM32单片机学习六 延时函数、端口复用和重映射、中断 中 记录了内部中断NVIC，本篇将记录一下外部中断EXIT。

1、概述

STM32的每个IO都可以作为外部中断输入。
STM32的中断控制器支持19个外部中断/事件请求：

• 线0~15：对应外部IO口的输入中断。
• 线16：连接到PVD输出。
• 线17：连接到RTC闹钟事件。

• 线18：连接到USB唤醒事件。

  1）引脚与中断线对应关系

  STM32F103有112个IO，但是中断线只有16个，中断线按如下方式与IO对应：我们知道STM32F103有7组IO，即GPIOA、GPIOB、…、GPIOG，每一组有16个引脚，如GPIOA0、GPIOA1、…、GPIOA15，因此STM32F103是按引脚分类为16组对应到16个中断线上，如下图：
  
  即：GPIOx.0映射到EXTI0、GPIOx.1映射到EXTI1、…、GPIOx.15映射到EXTI15。

2）外部中断服务函数

STM32的IO外部中断函数只有6个，如下：

EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler           
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler           
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler           
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler           
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler         
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler

中断线0~4每个中断线对应一个中断函数，中断线5~9共用中断函数EXTI9_5_IRQHandler，中断线10~15共用中断函数EXTI15_10_IRQHandler。
中断函数使用示例如下：

void EXTI3_IRQHandler(void){
    if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXIT_Line3)!=RESET){//判断某个线上的中断是否发生
        ...
        EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line3);//清除LINE上的中断标志位
    }
}

3）外部中断编写步骤

①初始化IO口为输入。
GPIO_Init();
② 开启IO口复用时钟。
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);
②设置IO口与中断线的映射关系。
void GPIO_EXTILineConfig();
③初始化线上中断，设置触发条件等。
EXTI_Init();
④配置中断分组（NVIC），并使能中断。
NVIC_Init();
⑤编写中断服务函数。
EXTIx_IRQHandler();
⑥清除中断标志位
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit();

4）有关外部中断的相关变量定义

stm32f10x_exti.h

typedef enum
{
  EXTI_Mode_Interrupt = 0x00,
  EXTI_Mode_Event = 0x04
}EXTIMode_TypeDef;

#define IS_EXTI_MODE(MODE) (((MODE) == EXTI_Mode_Interrupt) || ((MODE) == EXTI_Mode_Event))

typedef enum
{
  EXTI_Trigger_Rising = 0x08,
  EXTI_Trigger_Falling = 0x0C,  
  EXTI_Trigger_Rising_Falling = 0x10
}EXTITrigger_TypeDef;

#define IS_EXTI_TRIGGER(TRIGGER) (((TRIGGER) == EXTI_Trigger_Rising) || \
                                  ((TRIGGER) == EXTI_Trigger_Falling) || \
                                  ((TRIGGER) == EXTI_Trigger_Rising_Falling))

typedef struct
{
  uint32_t EXTI_Line;               /*!< Specifies the EXTI lines to be enabled or disabled.
                                         This parameter can be any combination of @ref EXTI_Lines */

  EXTIMode_TypeDef EXTI_Mode;       /*!< Specifies the mode for the EXTI lines.
                                         This parameter can be a value of @ref EXTIMode_TypeDef */

  EXTITrigger_TypeDef EXTI_Trigger; /*!< Specifies the trigger signal active edge for the EXTI lines.
                                         This parameter can be a value of @ref EXTIMode_TypeDef */

  FunctionalState EXTI_LineCmd;     /*!< Specifies the new state of the selected EXTI lines.
                                         This parameter can be set either to ENABLE or DISABLE */ 
}EXTI_InitTypeDef;

#define EXTI_Line0       ((uint32_t)0x00001)  /*!< External interrupt line 0 */
#define EXTI_Line1       ((uint32_t)0x00002)  /*!< External interrupt line 1 */
#define EXTI_Line2       ((uint32_t)0x00004)  /*!< External interrupt line 2 */
#define EXTI_Line3       ((uint32_t)0x00008)  /*!< External interrupt line 3 */
#define EXTI_Line4       ((uint32_t)0x00010)  /*!< External interrupt line 4 */
#define EXTI_Line5       ((uint32_t)0x00020)  /*!< External interrupt line 5 */
#define EXTI_Line6       ((uint32_t)0x00040)  /*!< External interrupt line 6 */
#define EXTI_Line7       ((uint32_t)0x00080)  /*!< External interrupt line 7 */
#define EXTI_Line8       ((uint32_t)0x00100)  /*!< External interrupt line 8 */
#define EXTI_Line9       ((uint32_t)0x00200)  /*!< External interrupt line 9 */
#define EXTI_Line10      ((uint32_t)0x00400)  /*!< External interrupt line 10 */
#define EXTI_Line11      ((uint32_t)0x00800)  /*!< External interrupt line 11 */
#define EXTI_Line12      ((uint32_t)0x01000)  /*!< External interrupt line 12 */
#define EXTI_Line13      ((uint32_t)0x02000)  /*!< External interrupt line 13 */
#define EXTI_Line14      ((uint32_t)0x04000)  /*!< External interrupt line 14 */
#define EXTI_Line15      ((uint32_t)0x08000)  /*!< External interrupt line 15 */
#define EXTI_Line16      ((uint32_t)0x10000)  /*!< External interrupt line 16 Connected to the PVD Output */
#define EXTI_Line17      ((uint32_t)0x20000)  /*!< External interrupt line 17 Connected to the RTC Alarm event */
#define EXTI_Line18      ((uint32_t)0x40000)  /*!< External interrupt line 18 Connected to the USB Device/USB OTG FS
                                                   Wakeup from suspend event */                                    
#define EXTI_Line19      ((uint32_t)0x80000)  /*!< External interrupt line 19 Connected to the Ethernet Wakeup event */

#define IS_EXTI_LINE(LINE) ((((LINE) & (uint32_t)0xFFF00000) == 0x00) && ((LINE) != (uint16_t)0x00))
#define IS_GET_EXTI_LINE(LINE) (((LINE) == EXTI_Line0) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line1) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line2) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line3) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line4) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line5) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line6) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line7) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line8) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line9) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line10) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line11) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line12) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line13) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line14) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line15) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line16) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line17) || \
                            ((LINE) == EXTI_Line18) || ((LINE) == EXTI_Line19))

void EXTI_DeInit(void);
void EXTI_Init(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct);
void EXTI_StructInit(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct);
void EXTI_GenerateSWInterrupt(uint32_t EXTI_Line);
FlagStatus EXTI_GetFlagStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line);
void EXTI_ClearFlag(uint32_t EXTI_Line);
ITStatus EXTI_GetITStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line);
void EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(uint32_t EXTI_Line);

2、外部中断示例代码

本示例代码实现的功能是按按键1 板子上的的两个LED灯的 交替亮，硬件连接图如下：

从上图中我们知道PE2接KEY3、PE3接KEY2、PE3接KEY1、PE5接LED1、PB5接LED0

代码如下：

staitc bool isLed0Light=true;

void Base_Init(void)
{

    EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

    //  按键端口初始化
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOE,ENABLE);//使能PORTA,PORTE时钟

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin  = GPIO_Pin_3;//KEY3
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU; //设置成上拉输入
    GPIO_Init(GPIOE, &GPIO_InitStructure);//初始化GPIOE3

    //LED初始化    
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOE, ENABLE);   //使能PB,PE端口时钟

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5;                //LED0-->PB.5 端口配置
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;         //推挽输出
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;        //IO口速度为50MHz
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);                   //根据设定参数初始化GPIOB.5
    GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5);                      //PB.5 输出高

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5;                //LED1-->PE.5 端口配置, 推挽输出
    GPIO_Init(GPIOE, &GPIO_InitStructure);                   //推挽输出 ，IO口速度为50MHz
    GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_5);                          //PE.5 输出高 
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE); //使能复用功能时钟

    //GPIOE.3     中断线以及中断初始化配置 下降沿触发 //KEY1
    GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOE,GPIO_PinSource3);
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line=EXTI_Line3;
    EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);     //根据EXTI_InitStruct中指定的参数初始化外设EXTI寄存器

    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line=EXTI_Line3;    //KEY1
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt; 
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
    EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);     //根据EXTI_InitStruct中指定的参数初始化外设EXTI寄存器

    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI3_IRQn;            //使能按键KEY1所在的外部中断通道
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0x02;    //抢占优先级2 
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0x01;                   //子优先级1 
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;                             //使能外部中断通道
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);       //根据NVIC_InitStruct中指定的参数初始化外设NVIC寄存器 
}

//外部中断3服务程序
void EXTI3_IRQHandler(void)
{
    delay_ms(10);//消抖
    uint8_t KEY1 = GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_3)//读取按键1
    if(KEY1==0)  //按键KEY1，因为由按键电路图知当键按下时单片机接到的是低电平，所以KEY1==0表示按下KEY1
    {
        if(isLed0Light){
            isLed0Light = !isLed0Light;
            GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE, GPIO_Pin_5);//LED1点亮
            GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_5);//LED0熄灭
        }else{
            GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_5);//LED0点亮
            GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE, GPIO_Pin_5);//LED1熄灭
        }
    }        
    EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line3);  //清除LINE3上的中断标志位  
}