hive的Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes问题解决

把hive 的metadata配置成mysql,执行命令时报以下错误

hive> show tables;
FAILED: Error in metadata: MetaException(message:Got exception: javax.jdo.JDODataStoreException An exception was thrown while adding/validating class(es) : Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:406)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:381)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1030)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:956)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3558)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3490)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1959)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2109)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2642)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2571)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.execute(StatementImpl.java:782)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.execute(StatementImpl.java:625)
at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingStatement.execute(DelegatingStatement.java:264)
at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingStatement.execute(DelegatingStatement.java:264)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.executeDdlStatement(AbstractTable.java:730)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.executeDdlStatementList(AbstractTable.java:681)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.create(AbstractTable.java:402)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.table.AbstractTable.exists(AbstractTable.java:458)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager$ClassAdder.performTablesValidation(RDBMSStoreManager.java:2689)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager$ClassAdder.addClassTablesAndValidate(RDBMSStoreManager.java:2503)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager$ClassAdder.run(RDBMSStoreManager.java:2148)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.AbstractSchemaTransaction.execute(AbstractSchemaTransaction.java:113)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.addClasses(RDBMSStoreManager.java:986)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.addClasses(RDBMSStoreManager.java:952)
at org.datanucleus.store.AbstractStoreManager.addClass(AbstractStoreManager.java:919)
at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.MappedStoreManager.getDatastoreClass(MappedStoreManager.java:356)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.query.legacy.ExtentHelper.getExtent(ExtentHelper.java:48)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.RDBMSStoreManager.getExtent(RDBMSStoreManager.java:1332)
at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.getExtent(ObjectManagerImpl.java:4149)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.query.legacy.JDOQLQueryCompiler.compileCandidates(JDOQLQueryCompiler.java:411)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.query.legacy.QueryCompiler.executionCompile(QueryCompiler.java:312)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.query.legacy.JDOQLQueryCompiler.compile(JDOQLQueryCompiler.java:225)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.query.legacy.JDOQLQuery.compileInternal(JDOQLQuery.java:175)
at org.datanucleus.store.query.Query.executeQuery(Query.java:1628)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.query.legacy.JDOQLQuery.executeQuery(JDOQLQuery.java:245)
at org.datanucleus.store.query.Query.executeWithArray(Query.java:1499)
at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOQuery.execute(JDOQuery.java:243)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.getTables(ObjectStore.java:771)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingRawStore.invoke(RetryingRawStore.java:111)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy6.getTables(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.get_tables(HiveMetaStore.java:1629)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.getTables(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:772)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getTablesByPattern(Hive.java:975)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getAllTables(Hive.java:949)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask.showTables(DDLTask.java:2001)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask.execute(DDLTask.java:323)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.Task.executeTask(Task.java:134)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.TaskRunner.runSequential(TaskRunner.java:57)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.launchTask(Driver.java:1326)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.execute(Driver.java:1118)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.run(Driver.java:951)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processLocalCmd(CliDriver.java:258)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processCmd(CliDriver.java:215)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processLine(CliDriver.java:406)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:689)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:557)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:212)
)
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask

是由于mysql的最大索引长度导致，MySQL的varchar主键只支持不超过768个字节 或者 768/2=384个双字节 或者 768/3=256个三字节的字段 
而 GBK是双字节的，UTF-8是三字节的


解决办法

数据库的字符集除了system为utf8，其他最好为latin1，否则可能出现如上异常，在mysql机器的上运行:

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
mysql>alter database 库名 character set latin1;

mysql>flush privileges;