要学习一门新的内容,个人觉得先要了解他的作用,并且知道他的分类。这样才能有助于更好地去理解这个知识点。
所以先来分类,我特地去查了一下维基百科,对于设计模式的分类,百科上是这么解释的。
Design patterns were originally grouped into the categories: creational patterns, structural patterns, and behavioral patterns, and described using the concepts of delegation, aggregation, and consultation
理解为三种,创建型,结构型和行为型的模式,然后又可以描述其使用了委派,聚合,咨询的概念。
然后按照三大类,再可以细分为
Creational patterns 创建型
Name | Description | In Design Patterns | In Code Complete[15] | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abstract factory | Provide an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Builder | Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation, allowing the same construction process to create various representations. | Yes | No | N/A |
Factory method | Define an interface for creating a single object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses (dependency injection[16]). | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Lazy initialization | Tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed. This pattern appears in the GoF catalog as "virtual proxy", an implementation strategy for the Proxy pattern. | Yes | No | PoEAA[17] |
Multiton | Ensure a class has only named instances, and provide a global point of access to them. | No | No | N/A |
Object pool | Avoid expensive acquisition and release of resources by recycling objects that are no longer in use. Can be considered a generalisation ofconnection pool and thread pool patterns. | No | No | N/A |
Prototype | Specify the kinds of objects to create using a prototypical instance, and create new objects by copying this prototype. | Yes | No | N/A |
Resource acquisition is initialization | Ensure that resources are properly released by tying them to the lifespan of suitable objects. | No | No | N/A |
Singleton | Ensure a class has only one instance, and provide a global point of access to it. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Design pattern object library | Encapsulate object management including factory interface with live and dead lists. | No | No | N/A |
Structural patterns 结构型
Name | Description | In Design Patterns | In Code Complete[15] | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adapter or Wrapper or Translator | Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. An adapter lets classes work together that could not otherwise because of incompatible interfaces. The enterprise integration pattern equivalent is the translator. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Bridge | Decouple an abstraction from its implementation allowing the two to vary independently. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Composite | Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Decorator | Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically keeping the same interface. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Facade | Provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Facade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Flyweight | Use sharing to support large numbers of similar objects efficiently. | Yes | No | N/A |
Front Controller | The pattern relates to the design of Web applications. It provides a centralized entry point for handling requests. | No | Yes | N/A |
Marker | Empty interface to associate metadata with a class. | No | No | Effective Java[18] |
Module | Group several related elements, such as classes, singletons, methods, globally used, into a single conceptual entity. | No | No | N/A |
Proxy | Provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it. | Yes | No | N/A |
Twin [19] | Twin allows modeling of multiple inheritance in programming languages that do not support this feature. | No | No | N/A |
Behavioral patterns 行为型
Name | Description | In Design Patterns | In Code Complete[15] | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|
Blackboard | Artificial intelligence pattern for combining disparate sources of data (see blackboard system) | No | No | N/A |
Chain of responsibility | Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it. | Yes | No | N/A |
Command | Encapsulate a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients with different requests, queue or log requests, and support undoable operations. | Yes | No | N/A |
Interpreter | Given a language, define a representation for its grammar along with an interpreter that uses the representation to interpret sentences in the language. | Yes | No | N/A |
Iterator | Provide a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Mediator | Define an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact. Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and it lets you vary their interaction independently. | Yes | No | N/A |
Memento | Without violating encapsulation, capture and externalize an object's internal state allowing the object to be restored to this state later. | Yes | No | N/A |
Null object | Avoid null references by providing a default object. | No | No | N/A |
Observer orPublish/subscribe | Define a one-to-many dependency between objects where a state change in one object results in all its dependents being notified and updated automatically. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Servant | Define common functionality for a group of classes. | No | No | N/A |
Specification | Recombinable business logic in a Boolean fashion. | No | No | N/A |
State | Allow an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. The object will appear to change its class. | Yes | No | N/A |
Strategy | Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Template method | Define the skeleton of an algorithm in an operation, deferring some steps to subclasses. Template method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure. | Yes | Yes | N/A |
Visitor | Represent an operation to be performed on the elements of an object structure. Visitor lets you define a new operation without changing the classes of the elements on which it operates. | Yes | No | N/ |
这里还有一种,先贴出来,以后慢慢解释
Concurrency patterns 同步型,也可以理解为并发,我的理解是,这些模式都是经常应用于处理并发的
Name | Description | InPOSA2[20] | Other |
---|---|---|---|
Active Object | Decouples method execution from method invocation that reside in their own thread of control. The goal is to introduce concurrency, by using asynchronous method invocation and a scheduler for handling requests. | Yes | N/A |
Balking | Only execute an action on an object when the object is in a particular state. | No | N/A |
Binding properties | Combining multiple observers to force properties in different objects to be synchronized or coordinated in some way.[21] | No | N/A |
Block chain | Decentralized way to store data and agree on ways of processing it in a Merkle tree, optionally using Digital signature for any individual contributions. | No | N/A |
Double-checked locking | Reduce the overhead of acquiring a lock by first testing the locking criterion (the 'lock hint') in an unsafe manner; only if that succeeds does the actual locking logic proceed. Can be unsafe when implemented in some language/hardware combinations. It can therefore sometimes be considered an anti-pattern. | Yes | N/A |
Event-based asynchronous | Addresses problems with the asynchronous pattern that occur in multithreaded programs.[22] | No | N/A |
Guarded suspension | Manages operations that require both a lock to be acquired and a precondition to be satisfied before the operation can be executed. | No | N/A |
Join | Join-pattern provides a way to write concurrent, parallel and distributed programs by message passing. Compared to the use of threads and locks, this is a high-level programming model. | No | N/A |
Lock | One thread puts a "lock" on a resource, preventing other threads from accessing or modifying it.[23] | No | PoEAA[17] |
Messaging design pattern (MDP) | Allows the interchange of information (i.e. messages) between components and applications. | No | N/A |
Monitor object | An object whose methods are subject to mutual exclusion, thus preventing multiple objects from erroneously trying to use it at the same time. | Yes | N/A |
Reactor | A reactor object provides an asynchronous interface to resources that must be handled synchronously. | Yes | N/A |
Read-write lock | Allows concurrent read access to an object, but requires exclusive access for write operations. | No | N/A |
Scheduler | Explicitly control when threads may execute single-threaded code. | No | N/A |
Thread pool | A number of threads are created to perform a number of tasks, which are usually organized in a queue. Typically, there are many more tasks than threads. Can be considered a special case of the object pool pattern. | No | N/A |
Thread-specific storage | Static or "global" memory local to a thread. | Yes | N/A |