LeetCode之8_String to Integer (atoi)

题目原文：

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

Update (2015-02-10):
The signature of the C++ function had been updated. If you still see your function signature accepts a const char * argument, please click the reload button  to reset your code definition.

spoilers alert... click to show requirements for atoi.

Requirements for atoi:

The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned. If the correct value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (2147483647) or INT_MIN (-2147483648) is returned.

分析：将一个字符串转换为整数，若字符串为空返回0。

           忽略字符串开头的空格

           开头可以为符号或数字，符号只能有一个，例如不能出现++，+-等情况

            字符串中间出现字符时，返回前面已经转换的数字

             若转换的数字大于整数的表示范围，则返回整数最大的表示范围

代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;



//将字符串转换为数字，第一位为符号或数字，否则返回0
//若字符为空或0返回0
//中间出现了字符则返回字符之前的转换结果
//若返回结果超过了整数表示的最大范围，返回该极值
class Solution {
public:
	int myAtoi(string str) {

		int nRet = 0;
		int nFlag = 1;
		char szTemp;
		int nStart = 0;

		if (str.length()==0)
		{
			return 0;
		}

		szTemp = str[0];
	
		



		for (int i = 0; i<str.length(); i++)
		{
			szTemp = str[i];

			if (szTemp == ' ')
			{
				if (nStart == 0)
				{
					continue;
				}
				else
					return nRet*nFlag;
				
			}
			

			if (!isdigit(szTemp) )
			{
				if (nStart == 0)
				{
					nStart =1;
					if (szTemp == '+')
					{
						continue;
					}
					else if (szTemp == '-')
					{
						nFlag = -1;
						continue;
					}
					else
						return nRet*nFlag;
				}
				else
					return nRet*nFlag;
				
			}
		
			nStart = 1;
			int nTemp = szTemp - '0';
			nTemp = nRet*10 + nTemp;
			if (nTemp/10 != nRet)
			{
				//超出整数范围
				if (nFlag == 1)
				{
					return 2147483647;
				}
				else
					return -2147483648;
			}
			else
				nRet = nTemp;
		}

		return nRet*nFlag;
	}
};