Struts 简介

The Apache Struts web framework

The Apache Struts web framework is a free open-source solution for creating Java web applications.

The Apache Struts是 创建 java web应用的开源解决方案

Web applications differ from conventional websites in that web applications can create a dynamic response. Many websites deliver only static pages. A web application can interact with databases and business logic engines to customize a response.

web应用与传统网站不同之处在于动态响应，可以与数据库和商务逻辑引擎交互，而定制响应；

Web applications based on JavaServer Pages sometimes commingle database code, page design code, and control flow code. In practice, we find that unless these concerns are separated, larger applications become difficult to maintain.

web应用基于JSP，有时融合 数据库，页面设计，和控制流 代码；对大型应用而言，有效的结合是维护的保障。

One way to separate concerns in a software application is to use a Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. TheModel represents the business or database code, theView represents the page design code, and theController represents the navigational code. The Struts framework is designed to help developers create web applications that utilize a MVC architecture.

Struts 框架有助于使用MVC架构来创建Web 应用，M- Model ： 商务逻辑或数据库代码；V-View：页面设计代码；C-Control：导航代码

The framework provides three key components: 框架三组件

• A "request" handler provided by the application developer that is mapped to a standard URL.      “request 用以 映射URL连接”
• A "response" handler that transfers control to another resource which completes the response.  response 用以传递控制给空闲资源（即已完成相应的资源）
  
• A tag library that helps developers create interactive form-based applications with server pages. tag library 用以创建form-based应用与服务页交互
  

The framework's architecture and tags are buzzword compliant. Struts works well with conventional REST applications and with nouveau technologies like SOAP and AJAX.

nouveau [nu:'vəu] adj. 新近产生的，新近到达的

REST(Representational State Transfer表述性状态转移)是一种针对网络应用的设计和开发方式，可以降低开发的复杂性，提高系统的可伸缩性。

SOAP 是一种简单的基于 XML 的协议，它使应用程序通过 HTTP 来交换信息。

AJAX即“Asynchronous JavaScript and XML”（异步JavaScript和XML)

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The Apache Struts Project

The Apache Struts Project is the open source community that creates and maintains the Apache Struts framework. The project consists of a diverse group of volunteers who share common values regarding collaborative, community-based open source development. The Apache Struts Project is proud to share these values with our parent organization: The Apache Software Foundation.

The project is called "Struts" because the framework is meant to furnish the "invisible underpinnings" that support professional application development. Struts provides the glue that joins the various elements of the standard Java platform into a coherent whole. Our goal is to leverage existing standards by producing the missing pieces we need to create enterprise-grade applications that are easy to maintain over time.

The Apache Struts Project offers two major versions of the Struts framework. Struts 1 is recognized asthe most popular web application framework for Java. The 1.x framework is mature, well-documented, and widely supported. Struts 1 is the best choice for teams who value proven solutions to common problems.

Struts 1 成熟完整

Struts 2 was originally known as WebWork 2. After working independently for several years, the WebWork and Struts communitiesjoined forces to create Struts 2. The 2.x framework is the best choice for teams who value elegant solutions to difficult problems.

Struts 2 解决复杂问题

Struts for Newbies

入门须知：

If you are new to development with Struts, here are some pointers on how to get started.

The framework "stands on the shoulders of giants". To use Struts well, it's important to have a good grasp of the fundamentals. Start by reviewing theKey Technologies primer, and studying any unfamiliar topics.

1. 预备知识：Key Technologies primer

Next, branch to either the Struts 2 or Struts 1 documentation

2. 看文档 Struts2 或Struts1 

2.1 Strust 2 ，wiki中说明的很详细；先看Starting with Struts2

2.2 Struts1 ，Struts for Dummies  入门必看；Struts: The Complete Reference 开发必看

The Struts 2 documentation is maintained as a wiki, but don't let that stop you from scrolling through. We have organized the wiki so that it can be read like a book, cover to cover. Just keep following the Next links.

Better yet, turn first to the Starting with Struts2 book. At 122 pages, it's a small book that doesn't try to replicate the online Struts 2 Documentation. Instead, the book is a perfect complement to the Struts 2 website. The "minibook" is available both as a free PDF and in conventional printed form.

For Struts 1, the most up-to-date book would be Struts: The Complete Reference. For newbies, Struts for Dummies is another good choice.

And don't hesitate to get involved. The best way to help with any open source project is to improve the documentation! There are mountains of Struts know-how posted to theuser mailing list that could be sholved into the documentation. (How do you think this section started?)