Redhat Linux下的python版本升级

执行#Python与#python -V，看到版本号是2.4.3，很老了，而且之前写的都是跑在python3.X上面的，3.X和2.X有很多不同，
有兴趣的朋友可以参考下这篇文章： 
http://www.jb51.net/article/34011.htm

更新python千万不要把老版本的删除！新老版本是可以共存的，很多基本的命令、
软件包都要依赖预装的老版本python的，比如yum。 

一、升级到2.7.3
1. 升级安装
首先下载源tar包
可利用linux自带下载工具wget下载，如下所示：
# wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/Python-2.7.3.tar.gz

下载完成后到下载目录下，解压
# tar -zxvf Python-2.7.3.tar. gz

进入解压缩后的文件夹
cd Python-2.7.3

在编译前先在/usr/local建一个文件夹python2.7.3（作为python的安装路径，以免覆盖老的版本）
# mkdir /usr/local/python2.7.3

在解压缩后的目录下编译安装
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7.3
# make
#  make install

此时没有覆盖老版本，再将原来/usr/bin/python链接改为别的名字
# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old

再建立新版本python的链接
# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.3/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

这个时候输入
# python

就会显示出python的新版本信息
view sourceprint?
Python 2.7.3 (default, Sep 29 2013, 11:05:02)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

2.运行程序时出现错误:
File "~/PythonInstall/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 129, in start
    from .forking import Popen
  File "~/PythonInstall/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/forking.py", line 58, in <module>
    from pickle import Pickler
  File "~/PythonInstall/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 1266, in <module>
    import binascii as _binascii
ImportError: No module named binascii
是因为升级python版本不正常导致的。
 
回到源文件目录:
# cd .../Python-2.7.3
[Python-2.7.3]# make -s
building dbm using gdbm
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c: In function '_pysqlite_set_result':
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:552: error: 'sqlite3_int64' undeclared 

(first use in this function)
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:552: error: (Each undeclared identifier is 

reported only once
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:552: error: for each function it appears  in.)
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:552: error: expected ')' before 

'PyInt_AsLong'
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c: In function '_pysqlite_build_py_params':
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:583: error: 'sqlite3_int64' undeclared 
(first use in this function)
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:583: error: expected ';' before 'val_int'
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:596: error: 'val_int' undeclared (first use   in this function)
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libz.a(adler32.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when 

making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/lib/libz.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libz.a(crc32.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol' can not be used when 

making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/lib/libz.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_tkinter           bsddb185           dl              
imageop            sunaudiodev                        
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

Failed to build these modules:
_sqlite3           binascii           zlib 
​
升级安装zlib
# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/1.2.8/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz 
# cd zlib-1.2.8
# ./configure 
# make install

# cd ../Python-2.7.3
# make -s
building dbm using gdbm
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c: In function '_pysqlite_set_result':
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:552: error: 'sqlite3_int64' undeclared 

(first use in this function)
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:552: error: (Each undeclared identifier is  reported only once
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:552: error: for each function it appears  in.)
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:552: error: expected ')' before 

'PyInt_AsLong'
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c: In function '_pysqlite_build_py_params':
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:583: error: 'sqlite3_int64' undeclared 

(first use in this function)
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:583: error: expected ';' before 'val_int'
/opt/PJT_python/python-2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c:596: error: 'val_int' undeclared (first use  in this function)

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_tkinter           bsddb185           dl              
imageop            sunaudiodev                        
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

Failed to build these modules:
_sqlite3 

升级安装sqlite3
# cd ..
# wget http://www.sqlite.org/2014/sqlite-autoconf-3080500.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf sqlite-autoconf-3080500.tar.gz
# cd sqlite-autoconf-3080500
# ./configure
# make
# make install

# cd ..
# cd python-2.7.3
# make -s
building dbm using gdbm

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_tkinter           bsddb185           dl              
imageop            sunaudiodev                        
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

# make clean
# make all
# make install

到此，程序就能正常运行了；

二、升级到3.3.0
更新python： 
第1步：更新gcc，
因为gcc版本太老会导致新版本python包编译不成功 代码如下:
  #yum -y install gcc 

系统会自动下载并安装或更新，等它自己结束 

第2步：下载Python-3.3.0软件包 
代码如下:
# wget --no-check-certificate http://python.org/ftp/python/3.3.0/Python-3.3.0.tar.bz2 

注意：按照上述命令下载的软件包会存放在你当前的工作目录下，
wget命令是一个从网络上自动下载文件的自由工具，具体用法，
请参考这篇文章：http://www.jb51.net/os/RedHat/73089.html 

说明：命令中的数字就是版本号，你也可以把3.3.0换成你需要的版本.

第3步：解压已下载的二进制包并编译安装 
代码如下:
#tar -jxvf Python-3.3.0.tar.bz2 
#cd Python-3.3.0 
#./configure 
#make all 
#make install 
#make clean 
#make distclean 
# /usr/local/bin/python3 –V 
编译安装完毕以后，可以输入上面一行命令，查看版本 

第4步：建立软连接指向到当前系统默认python命令的bin目录，让系统使用新版本python 
#mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.4 //当前python的版本为2.4所以是python2.4 
#ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.3 /usr/bin/python 
输入
#python -V，
即可查看当前默认python版本 
默认的python成功指向3.3.0以后，yum不能正常使用，需要修改yum的配置文件 

第5步：修改yum配置文件 
#vi /usr/bin/yum 
把文件头部的
#!/usr/bin/python  改成  #!/usr/bin/python2.4 //改为之前的老版本号 
保存退出，yum即可正常使用。

如若有其他命令、软件不能正常使用，仿照yum配置文件的修改方法，修改其配置文件即可。 
至此，更新完毕。