udev（九）-- 写个程序检测我们的设备插拔

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       作者：清林，博客名：飞空静渡

 

在这个教程里我将写一个程序，其作用是检测系统的设备插拔事件，当有设备插入系统时，就可以检测到这个设备并把设备的信息显示出来，如果设备从系统里移除，也同样可以检测出来，并移除设备。这个代码是参考了udev-139的源码的，如果读者有兴趣也可以参考udev的源码。其中在udev-139代码中有个小小的错误，我将在下面的代码中说出。

 

首先先说一下udev的一个命令，你可以在控制台下运行：

udevadm  monitor

我的运行如下图所示：

当插入我的金士顿优盘时，便可以检测到优盘的插入，如下图：

我们现在要做就是写个程序，其输出和上面的一样，其实也就是udevadm的源码，我只是把它的大部分代码移除，只留个检测插拔事件的代码，并把很多地方的宏和函数集成到一个文件中。其中具体代码的API可参考libudev Reference Manual的说明：http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/ch01.html

 

下面是源代码udevadm.c：

#include <unistd.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stddef.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <errno.h> 
#include <getopt.h> 
#include <fcntl.h> 
#include <errno.h> 
#include <signal.h> 
#include <getopt.h> 
#include <sys/time.h> 
#include <sys/socket.h> 
#include <sys/un.h> 
#include <sys/select.h> 
#include <linux/types.h> 
#include <linux/netlink.h>

 #undef asmlinkage 
 #ifdef __i386__ 
	#define asmlinkage __attribute__((regparm(0))) 
 #else 
	#define asmlinkage 
#endif 

#define UDEV_MAX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) 
#define udev_list_entry_foreach(entry, first) \
 for (entry = first; entry != NULL; entry = udev_list_entry_get_next(entry))

static int debug; 
static int udev_exit; 

static void asmlinkage sig_handler(int signum) {
	if (signum == SIGINT || signum == SIGTERM) udev_exit = 1;
}
static void print_device(struct udev_device *device, const char *source, int env) {
	struct timeval tv;
	struct timezone tz;
	gettimeofday(&tv, &tz);
	printf("%-6s[%llu.%06u] %-8s %s (%s)/n", source, (unsigned long long) tv.tv_sec, (unsigned int) tv.tv_usec, udev_device_get_action(device), udev_device_get_devpath(device), udev_device_get_subsystem(device));
	if (env) {
		struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
		udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(device)) printf("%s=%s/n", udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry));
		printf("/n");
	}
}
int udevadm_monitor(struct udev *udev) {
	struct sigaction act;
	int env = 0;
	int print_kernel = 0;
	int print_udev = 0;
	struct udev_monitor *udev_monitor = NULL;
	struct udev_monitor *kernel_monitor = NULL;
	fd_set readfds;
	int rc = 0;
	if (!print_kernel && !print_udev) {
		print_kernel = 1;
		print_udev =1;
	}
	if (getuid() != 0 && print_kernel) {
		fprintf(stderr, "root privileges needed to subscribe to kernel events/n");
		goto out;
	}
	/* set signal handlers */
	memset(&act, 0x00, sizeof(struct sigaction));
	act.sa_handler = (void (*)(int)) sig_handler;
	sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
	act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
	sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
	sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
	printf("monitor will print the received events for:/n");
	if (print_udev) {
		udev_monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_socket(udev, "@/org/kernel/udev/monitor");
		if (udev_monitor == NULL) {
			rc = 1;
			goto out;
		}
		if (udev_monitor_enable_receiving(udev_monitor) < 0) {
			rc = 2;
			goto out;
		}
		printf("UDEV the event which udev sends out after rule processing/n");
	}
	if (print_kernel) {
		kernel_monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_netlink(udev, "udev");
		//这里的udev源码中没有"udev"这个参数，不加进去返回值就为NULL，所以要加这个 
		if (kernel_monitor == NULL) {
			rc = 3;
			printf("udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() error/n");
			goto out;
		}
		if (udev_monitor_enable_receiving(kernel_monitor) < 0) {
			rc = 4;
			goto out;
		}
		printf("UEVENT the kernel uevent/n");
	}
	printf("/n");
	while (!udev_exit) {
		int fdcount;
		FD_ZERO(&readfds);
		if (kernel_monitor != NULL) FD_SET(udev_monitor_get_fd(kernel_monitor), &readfds);
		if (udev_monitor != NULL) FD_SET(udev_monitor_get_fd(udev_monitor), &readfds);
		fdcount = select(UDEV_MAX(udev_monitor_get_fd(kernel_monitor), udev_monitor_get_fd(udev_monitor))+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
		if (fdcount < 0) {
			if (errno != EINTR) fprintf(stderr, "error receiving uevent message: %m/n");
			continue;
		}
		if ((kernel_monitor != NULL) && FD_ISSET(udev_monitor_get_fd(kernel_monitor), &readfds)) {
			struct udev_device *device;
			device = udev_monitor_receive_device(kernel_monitor);
			if (device == NULL) continue;
			print_device(device, "UEVENT", env);
			udev_device_unref(device);
		}
		if ((udev_monitor != NULL) && FD_ISSET(udev_monitor_get_fd(udev_monitor), &readfds)) {
			struct udev_device *device;
			device = udev_monitor_receive_device(udev_monitor);
			if (device == NULL) continue;
			print_device(device, "UDEV", env);
			udev_device_unref(device);
		}
	}
	out: udev_monitor_unref(udev_monitor);
	udev_monitor_unref(kernel_monitor);
	return rc;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	struct udev *udev;
	int rc = 1;
	udev = udev_new();
	if (udev == NULL) goto out;
	udevadm_monitor(udev);
	goto out;
	rc = 2;
	out: udev_unref(udev);
	return rc;
}

 

下面是Makefile

myudevadm: udevadm.c gcc -g -Wall -ludev udevadm.c -o myudevadm

 

当插入和拔出优盘是的显示如下图：

 

记得加个sudo，要退出按ctrl-c，我的运行环境是ubuntu9.10。可看到我的优盘设备是sde，有关分区是sde4，这个你可以在/dev目录下找到，并且是usb设备。