AsyncTask异步加载以及Proxy代理模式访问网络数据

1 . AsyncTask实现的原理,和适用的优缺点

AsyncTask,是android提供的轻量级的异步类,可以直接继承AsyncTask,在类中实现异步操作,并提供接口反馈当前异步执行的程度(可以通过接口实现UI进度更新),最后反馈执行的结果给UI主线程.

使用的优点: 简单,快捷，过程可控 。

使用的缺点:在使用多个异步操作和并需要进行Ui变更时,就变得复杂起来.

2.创建异步类：

public class NetWorkAsyncTask<T> extends AsyncTask<NetWorkCallback<T>,Void,Object> {
    private String url;
    private NetWorkCallback<T> callback;
    private Class<T> clazz;

    public NetWorkAsyncTask(String url, Class<T> clazz) {
        this.url = url;
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object doInBackground(NetWorkCallback<T>... params) {//params代表的是excute（）方法传入的参数
        callback = params[0];
        try {
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            int code = connection.getResponseCode();
            if (code == 200) {
                InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
                int length;
                byte[] buffer = new byte[102400];
                ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                while ((length = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                    bos.write(buffer,0,length);
                }
                Gson gson = new Gson();//通过Gson来解析网络获取的数据
                return gson.fromJson(bos.toString(),clazz);
            }else {
                return new RuntimeException("response"+ code);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Void... values) {
        super.onProgressUpdate(values);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
        super.onPostExecute(o);
        /*
        *isInstance（）方法介绍
        * http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0528/16/10042054_214284612.shtml
        * 
        * */
        if (clazz.isInstance(o)) {
            callback.onSuccess((T) o);
        }else if (o instanceof Exception){
            callback.onFail((Exception) o);
        }
    }
}

3.创建回调接口

public interface NetWorkCallback<T> {
    void onSuccess(T text);
    void onFail(Exception e);
}

4.创建主线程：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NetWorkCallback<Entry>{

    private TextView text;
    private WebView web;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.main_text);
        web = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.main_web);
        TopServer topServer = Tools.getInstance(TopServer.class);
        topServer.getId(13122).execute(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccess(Entry entry) {
        text.setText(entry.getFromName());
        web.loadDataWithBaseURL("http://www.tngou.net",entry.getMessage(),"text/html; charset=utf-8", "UTF-8", null);
    }

    @Override
    public void onFail(Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "网络异常", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

5.创建TopServer接口

public interface TopServer {
   @UrlStr("http://www.tngou.net/api/top/show?id=%d")//给该方法添加注解
   NetWorkAsyncTask<Entry> getId(int id);
}

6.创建注解

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface UrlString {
    String value();
}

7.创建代理类：

public class Tools {
    public static<T> T getInstance(Class<T> type){
        Object o = Proxy.newProxyInstance(type.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{type}, new Handler());
        return (T) o;
    }
    private static class Handler implements InvocationHandler{//Handler通过实现该接口来创建代理类，通过实例化来创建代理类对象

        @Override
        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
            UrlStr annotation = method.getAnnotation(UrlStr.class);
            if (annotation != null){
                String url = String.format(Locale.CHINA, annotation.value(), args);
                Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();//获取该方法的对象的返回类型
                if (returnType.equals(NetWorkAsyncTask.class)) {
                    ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) method.getGenericReturnType();//获取泛型的返回类型
                    Type types = parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
                    return new NetWorkAsyncTask<>(url, ((Class) types));
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

8.创建实体来解析网络上获取的Json数据

public class Entry {
    @SerializedName("fromname")
    private String fromName;
    @SerializedName("message")
    private String message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public String getFromName() {
        return fromName;
    }

    public void setFromName(String fromName) {
        this.fromName = fromName;
    }
}

9.关于Proxy代理服务的参考资料：http://my.oschina.net/huangyong/blog/159788#comment-list