黑马程序员Java培训、Android培训_第8讲GUI/图形用户界面-3

 

8.9.2组件重绘的处理

组件重绘的原理：组件在大小改变或隐藏后又显示，AWT线程都会重新绘制组件，组件上原来的图形就不复存在了。

Paint(Grahpics g)的作用：使用Grahpic对象，对图形进行重新绘制

编程举例：在窗口上画直线和打印文本的功能，并在窗口重绘后重绘窗口上的所有直线。

DrawLine.java中：

package myprojects.drawline;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import java.util.*;

class DrawLine extends Frame{

       int orgX;

       int orgY;

       int endX;

       int endY;

       Vector vLines = new Vector();                   

       public void paint(Graphics g)//必须保存下线条的所有信息

       {

//实现 Enumeration 接口的对象，它生成一系列元素，一次生成一个。连续调用 nextElement 方法将返回一系列的连续元素。

//hasMoreElements()测试此枚举是否包含更多的元素

              Enumeration e = vLines.elements();

              while(e.hasMoreElements())

              {

                     MyLine line =(MyLine)e.nextElement();

                     line.drawMe(g);

                     //g.drawLine(orgX,orgY,endX,endY);

              }           

       }    

       public  DrawLine(){    

              addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){

                     public void windowClosing (WindowEvent e){

                            dispose();

                            System.exit(0);

                     }

              });

       this.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter()

       {    

                           

              public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)

              {

                     orgX = e.getX();

                     orgY = e.getY();

              }

              public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)

              {

                     endX = e.getX();          

                     endY = e.getY();                  

                     Graphics g = getGraphics();

                     /*g.setColor(Color.RED);//设置绘图颜色为红色

                     g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD,30));//设置文本的字体

                     g.drawString(orgX +"," +orgY,orgX,orgY);//打印鼠标按下时的坐标文本

                     g.drawString(e.getX()+","+e.getY(),e.getX(),e.getY());//打印鼠标释放时的坐标文本

                     g.drawLine(orgX,orgY,e.getX(),e.getY());*/

                     vLines.add(new MyLine(orgX,orgY,endX,endY));

                     repaint();

              }

       }

       );

       }

public static void main(String [] args)

       {

              System.out.println("Starting DrawLine");

              DrawLine mainframe = new DrawLine();

              mainframe.setSize(400,400);

              mainframe.setTitle("DrawLine");

              mainframe.setVisible(true);          

       }

}

MyLine中代码：

package myprojects.drawline;

import java.awt.Graphics;

class MyLine {

       private int orgX;

       private int orgY;

       private int endX;

       private int endY;           

       public MyLine(int orgX,int orgY,int endX,int endY)

       {

              this.orgX = orgX;

              this.orgY = orgY;

              this.endX = endX;

              this.endY = endY;

       }

       public void drawMe(Graphics g)

       {

              g.drawLine(orgX,orgY,endX,endY);

       }

}

       8.9.3图像显示

使用Graphics.drawlmage(Image img,int x,int y,ImageObserver observer)方法显示图像

使用Component.getToolkit.getImage(String path)语句获得Image实例对象

drawImage是一个异步方法，即便img对应的图像还没有完全装载，也会立即返回；Image是抽象类，不能使用构造方法，只能通过某个方法来产生一个Image对象，猜想是getImage或createImage之类，再通过查询JDK帮助文档解决问题；

文档中说得非常清楚，只有组件已显示在窗口上时，getGraphics方法才能正确返回一个Graphics对象。

放在Frame.setVisible(true)之后的GUI程序代码，在窗口初始显示时，都看不到期望的执行效果；

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

public class DrawImage extends Frame{

       Image img = getToolkit().getImage("..\\logo.gif");      

       public void paint(Graphics g)

              {

                     g.drawImage(img,0,0,this);//paint方法会擦除窗口上绘制的图像，重绘代码放在此方法中可以实现重绘效果；

              }

       public DrawImage(){                  

              addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){

                     public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){

                            dispose();

                            System.exit(0);

                     }                  

              });

       }    

       public static void main(String[] args) {

              System.out.println("Starting DrawImage...");

              DrawImage mainFrame = new DrawImage();

              mainFrame.setSize(400,400);

              mainFrame.setTitle("DrawImage");

              mainFrame.setVisible(true);  

              /*Graphics g = mainFrame.getGrahpics();

              while(!g.mainFrame.getGraphics().drawImage(img,0,0,mainFrame));*/

       }    

}

       8.9.4双缓冲技术

       调用Component.createImage方法创建内存Image对象；

       在Image对象上进行绘制的结果就成了一幅图像

       在Image对象上执行与组件表面同样的绘制，Image对象中的图像是组件表面内容的复制，当组件重画时，只需将内存中的Image对象在组件上画出

编程实例：使用双缓冲区技术重绘组件表面的所有图形。

package myprojects.drawline;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import java.util.*;

class DrawLine1 extends Frame{

       int orgX;

       int orgY;

       int endX;

       int endY;

       Image oimg = null;

       Graphics og = null;

       Vector vLines = new Vector();                   

       public void paint(Graphics g)

       {

              if(oimg!=null)

              {

                     g.drawImage(oimg,0,0,this);

              }                  

       }    

       public  DrawLine1(){  

              setSize(400,400);

              setTitle("DrawLine");

              setVisible(true);//只有部件显示在了桌面上后才能调用createImage方法     

              Dimension d = getSize();

              oimg = createImage(d.width,d.height);

              og = oimg.getGraphics();          

              addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){

                     public void windowClosing (WindowEvent e){

                            dispose();

                            System.exit(0);

                     }

              });

       this.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter()

       {                                

              public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)

              {

                     orgX = e.getX();

                     orgY = e.getY();

              }

              public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)

              {

                     endX = e.getX();          

                     endY = e.getY();                  

                     Graphics g = getGraphics();

                     g.setColor(Color.RED);//设置绘图颜色为红色  

                     g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD,30));//设置文本的字体

                     g.drawString(orgX +"," +orgY,orgX,orgY);//打印鼠标按下时的坐标文本

                     g.drawString(e.getX()+","+e.getY(),e.getX(),e.getY());      //打印鼠标释放时的坐标文本

                     g.drawLine(orgX,orgY,e.getX(),e.getY());

                    

                     og.setColor(Color.RED);//设置绘图颜色为红色   

                     og.setFont(new Font(null,Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD,30));//设置文本的字体

                     og.drawString(orgX +"," +orgY,orgX,orgY);//打印鼠标按下时的坐标文本

                     og.drawString(e.getX()+","+e.getY(),e.getX(),e.getY());    

                     og.drawLine(orgX,orgY,e.getX(),e.getY());           

              }

       }

       );

       }

public static void main(String [] args)

       {

              System.out.println("Starting DrawLine");

              DrawLine1 mainframe = new DrawLine1();              

       }

}