crawler4j：轻量级多线程网络爬虫

crawler4j是Java实现的开源网络爬虫。提供了简单易用的接口，可以在几分钟内创建一个多线程网络爬虫。

安装

使用Maven

使用最新版本的crawler4j，在pom.xml中添加如下片段：

XHTML

<dependency> <groupId>edu.uci.ics</groupId> <artifactId>crawler4j</artifactId> <version>4.1</version> </dependency>

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<dependency>      <groupId> edu.uci.ics </groupId>      <artifactId> crawler4j </artifactId>      <version> 4.1 </version> </dependency>

不使用Maven

crawler4j的JAR包可以从releases page和Maven Central下载。 需要注意crawler4j包有几个要依赖的包。在releases page下的crawler4j-X.Y-with-dependencies.jar包含了crawler4j的所有的依赖包。可以下载并添加到你的classpath中。

快速开始

使用crawler4j需要创建一个继承WebCrawler的爬虫类。下面是个简单的例子：

Java

public class MyCrawler extends WebCrawler { private final static Pattern FILTERS = Pattern.compile(".*(\\.(css|js|gif|jpg" + "|png|mp3|mp3|zip|gz))$"); /** * This method receives two parameters. The first parameter is the page * in which we have discovered this new url and the second parameter is * the new url. You should implement this function to specify whether * the given url should be crawled or not (based on your crawling logic). * In this example, we are instructing the crawler to ignore urls that * have css, js, git, ... extensions and to only accept urls that start * with "http://www.ics.uci.edu/". In this case, we didn't need the * referringPage parameter to make the decision. */ @Override public boolean shouldVisit(Page referringPage, WebURL url) { String href = url.getURL().toLowerCase(); return !FILTERS.matcher(href).matches() && href.startsWith("http://www.ics.uci.edu/"); } /** * This function is called when a page is fetched and ready * to be processed by your program. */ @Override public void visit(Page page) { String url = page.getWebURL().getURL(); System.out.println("URL: " + url); if (page.getParseData() instanceof HtmlParseData) { HtmlParseData htmlParseData = (HtmlParseData) page.getParseData(); String text = htmlParseData.getText(); String html = htmlParseData.getHtml(); Set<WebURL> links = htmlParseData.getOutgoingUrls(); System.out.println("Text length: " + text.length()); System.out.println("Html length: " + html.length()); System.out.println("Number of outgoing links: " + links.size()); } } }

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public class MyCrawler extends WebCrawler {        private final static Pattern FILTERS = Pattern . compile ( ".*(\\.(css|js|gif|jpg"                                                            + "|png|mp3|mp3|zip|gz))$" ) ;        /**      * This method receives two parameters. The first parameter is the page      * in which we have discovered this new url and the second parameter is      * the new url. You should implement this function to specify whether      * the given url should be crawled or not (based on your crawling logic).      * In this example, we are instructing the crawler to ignore urls that      * have css, js, git, ... extensions and to only accept urls that start      * with "http://www.ics.uci.edu/". In this case, we didn't need the      * referringPage parameter to make the decision.      */      @Override      public boolean shouldVisit ( Page referringPage , WebURL url ) {          String href = url . getURL ( ) . toLowerCase ( ) ;          return ! FILTERS . matcher ( href ) . matches ( )                  && href . startsWith ( "http://www.ics.uci.edu/" ) ;      }        /**       * This function is called when a page is fetched and ready       * to be processed by your program.       */      @Override      public void visit ( Page page ) {          String url = page . getWebURL ( ) . getURL ( ) ;          System . out . println ( "URL: " + url ) ;            if ( page . getParseData ( ) instanceof HtmlParseData ) {              HtmlParseData htmlParseData = ( HtmlParseData ) page . getParseData ( ) ;              String text = htmlParseData . getText ( ) ;              String html = htmlParseData . getHtml ( ) ;              Set <WebURL> links = htmlParseData . getOutgoingUrls ( ) ;                System . out . println ( "Text length: " + text . length ( ) ) ;              System . out . println ( "Html length: " + html . length ( ) ) ;              System . out . println ( "Number of outgoing links: " + links . size ( ) ) ;          }      } }

上面的例子覆盖了两个主要方法：

• shouldVisit：这个方法决定了要抓取的URL及其内容，例子中只允许抓取“www.ics.uci.edu”这个域的页面，不允许.css、.js和多媒体等文件。
• visit：当URL下载完成会调用这个方法。你可以轻松获取下载页面的url, 文本, 链接, html,和唯一id等内容。

实现控制器类以制定抓取的种子（seed）、中间数据存储的文件夹、并发线程的数目：

Java

public class Controller { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String crawlStorageFolder = "/data/crawl/root"; int numberOfCrawlers = 7; CrawlConfig config = new CrawlConfig(); config.setCrawlStorageFolder(crawlStorageFolder); /* * Instantiate the controller for this crawl. */ PageFetcher pageFetcher = new PageFetcher(config); RobotstxtConfig robotstxtConfig = new RobotstxtConfig(); RobotstxtServer robotstxtServer = new RobotstxtServer(robotstxtConfig, pageFetcher); CrawlController controller = new CrawlController(config, pageFetcher, robotstxtServer); /* * For each crawl, you need to add some seed urls. These are the first * URLs that are fetched and then the crawler starts following links * which are found in these pages */ controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~lopes/"); controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~welling/"); controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/"); /* * Start the crawl. This is a blocking operation, meaning that your code * will reach the line after this only when crawling is finished. */ controller.start(MyCrawler.class, numberOfCrawlers); } }

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public class Controller {      public static void main ( String [ ] args ) throws Exception {          String crawlStorageFolder = "/data/crawl/root" ;          int numberOfCrawlers = 7 ;            CrawlConfig config = new CrawlConfig ( ) ;          config . setCrawlStorageFolder ( crawlStorageFolder ) ;            /*          * Instantiate the controller for this crawl.          */          PageFetcher pageFetcher = new PageFetcher ( config ) ;          RobotstxtConfig robotstxtConfig = new RobotstxtConfig ( ) ;          RobotstxtServer robotstxtServer = new RobotstxtServer ( robotstxtConfig , pageFetcher ) ;          CrawlController controller = new CrawlController ( config , pageFetcher , robotstxtServer ) ;            /*          * For each crawl, you need to add some seed urls. These are the first          * URLs that are fetched and then the crawler starts following links          * which are found in these pages          */          controller . addSeed ( "http://www.ics.uci.edu/~lopes/" ) ;          controller . addSeed ( "http://www.ics.uci.edu/~welling/" ) ;          controller . addSeed ( "http://www.ics.uci.edu/" ) ;            /*          * Start the crawl. This is a blocking operation, meaning that your code          * will reach the line after this only when crawling is finished.          */          controller . start ( MyCrawler . class , numberOfCrawlers ) ;      } }

例子介绍

• Basic crawler：上述例子的全部源码及细节。
• Image crawler：一个简单的图片爬虫：从指定域下载图片并存在指定文件夹。这个例子演示了怎样用crawler4j抓取二进制内容。
• Collecting data from threads：这个例子演示了控制器怎样从抓取线程中收集数据/统计
• Multiple crawlers：这个例子演示了如何同时运行两个不同的爬虫。
• Shutdown crawling：这个例子演示了可以通过向控制器发送“shutdown”命令优雅的关闭抓取过程。

配置介绍

控制器类必须传一个类型为CrawlConfig的参数，用于配置crawler4j。下面描述了一些关于配置的细节。

抓取深度

默认情况下没有抓取深度的限制。可以通过配置来限制深度，比如，你有个种子页面A连接到B，B又连接到C，C又连接到D。结构如下：

Java

A --> B --> C --> D

1	A -- > B -- > C -- > D

A是种子页面深度为0，B为1，C、D以此类推。如：当设置抓取深度是2是，就不会抓取页面D。抓取最大深度通过以下代码配置：

Java

crawlConfig.setMaxDepthOfCrawling(maxDepthOfCrawling);

1	crawlConfig . setMaxDepthOfCrawling ( maxDepthOfCrawling ) ;

页面抓取的最大数量

默认情况下没有抓取数量限制，可以通过以下代码配置：

Java

crawlConfig.setMaxPagesToFetch(maxPagesToFetch);

1	crawlConfig . setMaxPagesToFetch ( maxPagesToFetch ) ;

其他限制

crawler4j是高效的，有着极快的抓取能力（比如：每秒可以抓取200个Wikipedia页面）。然而，这会给服务器带来很大的负荷（而服务器可能会阻断你的请求！）。所以，从1.3版开始，默认情况下，crawler4j每次请求前等待200毫秒。但是这个参数可以修改：

Java

crawlConfig.setPolitenessDelay(politenessDelay);

1	crawlConfig . setPolitenessDelay ( politenessDelay ) ;

代理

使用下代码配置爬虫通过代理：

Java

crawlConfig.setProxyHost("proxyserver.example.com"); crawlConfig.setProxyPort(8080);

1 2	crawlConfig . setProxyHost ( "proxyserver.example.com" ) ; crawlConfig . setProxyPort ( 8080 ) ;

如果你的代理需要认证：

Java

crawlConfig.setProxyUsername(username); crawlConfig.getProxyPassword(password);

1 2	crawlConfig . setProxyUsername ( username ) ; crawlConfig . getProxyPassword ( password ) ;

抓取恢复

有时爬虫需要运行很长时间，但中途可能意外终止了。这种情况下，可以通过以下配置恢复停止/崩溃的爬虫：

Java

crawlConfig.setResumableCrawling(true);

1	crawlConfig . setResumableCrawling ( true ) ;

然而，这可能对抓取速度稍有影响。

User-agent字符串

User-agent字符串用于向web服务器表明你的爬虫。User-agent详解。 默认情况下crawler4j使用如下字符串： “crawler4j (https://github.com/yasserg/crawler4j/)” 你可以通过配置修改：

Java

crawlConfig.setUserAgentString(userAgentString);

1	crawlConfig . setUserAgentString ( userAgentString ) ;

许可

Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Yasser Ganjisaffar

根据 Apache License 2.0发布

开源地址：https://github.com/yasserg/crawler4j