【开源自动化测试疑难FAQ】【WebDriver】WebDriver启动时白屏挂起问题解决方法（一）

      WebDriver启动的时候很容易无限挂起，直到外围框架设定的超时时间达到而退出运行，给测试运行带来很大的困扰。而实际上WebDriver有一组timeout的设置方法，启动时的挂起属于页面加载的范畴，所以可以考虑用timeouts().pageLoadTimeout()来重新启动一个有效的实例来执行测试。

	/**
	 * Description: catch page load timeout Exception and restart a new session.</BR>
	 * 内容描述：通过页面跳转是否超时来测试WebDriver启动时是否发生挂死异常。
	 *
	 * @param driver RemoteWebDriver object.
	 * @param browser the browser mode.
	 * @param testUrl the url used to navigate by the driver.get method.
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private boolean hasLoadPageSucceeded(RemoteWebDriver driver, String browser, String testUrl) throws Exception {
		try {
			driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
			driver.get(testUrl);
			return true;
		} catch (TimeoutException te) {
			LOG.error("******************本次启动WebDriver异常挂起******************");
			setBuildEnvChoice(browser);
			driverObjectInitalize();
			return false;
		}		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Description: catch page load timeout Exception and restart a new session.</BR>
	 * 内容描述：循环一定次数测试WebDriver启动是否挂死。
	 *
	 * @param driver RemoteWebDriver object.
	 * @param browser the browser mode.
	 * @param testUrl the url used to navigate by the driver.get method.
	 * @param repeatTimes retry times.
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private void driverStatusTest(RemoteWebDriver driver, String browser, String testUrl, int repeatTimes) throws Exception {
		int index = 0;
		boolean suspended = true;
		while (index < repeatTimes && suspended){
			suspended = !hasLoadPageSucceeded(driver, browser, testUrl);
			index ++;
		}
		if (index == repeatTimes && suspended){
			throw new RuntimeException("can not start webdriver successfully, it's suspended!");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Description: start webdirver after capability settings completed.</BR>
	 * 内容描述：在做好配置之后创建WebDriver实例。
	 * 
	 * @throws	Exception
	 */
	private String driverObjectInitalize() throws Exception{
		if (USE_DRIVERSERVER){//是否使用IEDirverServer
			driver = new RemoteWebDriver(service.getUrl(), capability);	
			return service.getUrl().toString();
		}else{
			URL url = new URL("http://localhost:" + server.getPort() + "/wd/hub");
			driver = new RemoteWebDriver(url, capability);
			return "http://localhost:" + server.getPort() + "/wd/hub";
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Description: start webdirver</BR>
	 * 内容描述：启动WebDriver实例。
	 * 
	 * @param browser the browser mode
	 * @throws RuntimeException
	 */
	protected void startWebDriver(String browser) {
		try {
			setBrowserMode(browser);
			String url = driverObjectInitalize();//about:blank is useless on some machines.
			driverStatusTest(driver, browser, url, 2);
			driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(maxWaitfor, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
			driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(maxWaitfor, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
			driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(maxLoadTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			LOG.error(e);
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}		
	}

	/**
	 * Description: set browser mode on local machines: do not close browsers already opened.</BR>
	 * 内容描述：选择在本机执行，有人工干预，无需杀掉浏览器进程。
	 * 
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private void setBrowserMode(String browser) throws Exception{
		if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("ie") || browser.toLowerCase().contains("internetexplorer")) {
			capability = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
		} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("ff") || browser.toLowerCase().contains("firefox")) {
			capability = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
		} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("chrome")) {
			capability = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
		} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("safari")) {
			capability = DesiredCapabilities.safari();
		} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("opera")) {
			capability = DesiredCapabilities.opera();
		} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("htmlunit")) {
			capability = DesiredCapabilities.htmlUnit();
		} else {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("you are using wrong mode of browser paltform!");
		}		
	}