XML数据的三种解析(JSON方式 , DOM方式 , Sax方式)

一.JSON解析:(创建一个Teacher类)
1.第一种方式:

//获取文件路径
    NSString *filePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"Teacher" ofType:@"txt"];
    //读取文件中的数据,将文件中的数据转换成NSData
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
#pragma mark------解析JSON数据第一种方法
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers error:nil];
    NSLog(@"array = %@",array);
    //给老师数组开辟空间
    self.teachersArray = [NSMutableArray array];
    //遍历数组
    for (NSDictionary *dic in array) {
        //创建teacher对象
        Teacher *teacher = [[Teacher alloc]init];
        //给teacher中的属性赋值
        [teacher setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dic];
        //添加
        [_teachersArray addObject:teacher];
        [teacher release];
    }
    //JSON解析结束
    for (Teacher *teacher in _teachersArray) {
        NSLog(@"%@",teacher);
    }

2.第二种方式:用第三方JSONKit

//获取文件路径
    NSString *filePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"Teacher" ofType:@"txt"];
    //读取文件中的数据,将文件中的数据转换成NSData
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
NSMutableArray *array1 = [data objectFromJSONData];
    NSLog(@"array1 = %@",array1);
    NSMutableDictionary *dict = [data objectFromJSONData];
    NSLog(@"dict = %@",dict);
    //开辟空间
    self.teacherDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]init];
    self.array1 = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:[dict allKeys]];
    //遍历字典
    for (NSString *key in dict) {
        //创建数组
        NSLog(@"+++++%@",_array1);
        NSMutableArray *array2 =[NSMutableArray array];
        [array2 addObject:array1];
        for (NSDictionary *dic2 in dict[key]) {
            Teacher *teacher = [[Teacher alloc]init];
            [teacher setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dic2];
            [_teachersArray addObject:teacher];
            [teacher release];
        }
        for (Teacher *teacher in _teachersArray) {
            NSLog(@"****%@",teacher);
        }
    }


    //将NSDictionary类型转换成NSString类型
    NSDictionary *dict = @{@"key":@[@"A",@"B",@"C",@"D"],@"key1":@[@"E",@"F",@"G",@"H"]};
    NSString * string = [dict JSONString];
    NSLog(@"dict = %@",string);

    //将NSData类型转换成NSDictionary类型
    NSData * data1 = [dict JSONData];
    NSDictionary *dic = [data1 objectFromJSONData];
    NSLog(@"dic = %@",dic);

    //将NSData转换成NSStrig类型
    NSString * string1 = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data1 encoding:0];
    NSLog(@"string1 = %@",string1);

    //将NSString转换成NSData类型
    NSData *data2 = [string1 JSONData];
    NSLog(@"data2 = %@",data2);

二.DOM方式解析:(创建一个Student类)

//获取文件路径
    NSString * filePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"Student" ofType:@".txt"];
    //读取文件中的数据
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    NSLog(@"%@",data);
    //解析数据
    NSError *error = nil;
    //①.创建解析数据的工具类对象
    //当创建完工具类对象之后,会把整个data数据读入内存,然后帮你生成树状结构,存放在工具类对象里
    GDataXMLDocument *xmlDocument =[[GDataXMLDocument alloc]initWithData:data options:0 error:&error];
    //开始解析
    //(1).获取根节点
    GDataXMLElement * rootElement = xmlDocument.rootElement;
    //给学生数组开辟空间
    self.studentsArray = [NSMutableArray array];
    //(2).获取根节点下的所有子节点
    for (GDataXMLElement * stuElement in rootElement.children) {
        //根节点中有几个节点,就创建几个学生对象
        Student *stu = [[Student alloc]init];
        //遍历子节点
        for (GDataXMLElement *subElement in stuElement.children) {
            //使用KVC给每个对象中的属性赋值
            [stu setValue:subElement.stringValue forKey:subElement.name];
        }
        [self.studentsArray addObject:stu];
        [stu release];
    }
    //DOM解析结束
    for (Student *stu in _studentsArray) {
        NSLog(@"DOM解析:%@",stu);
    }

#pragma mark-----
    //把所有标签名为name的节点放入数组(第一个斜杠是第一层,两个斜杠是第二层,根节点不算)
    NSArray *nameArray = [xmlDocument nodesForXPath:@"//name" error:nil];
    //获取所有学生的姓名
    for (GDataXMLElement *element in nameArray) {
        NSLog(@"名字:%@",element.stringValue);
    }
    //获取所有学生的学号
    NSArray *numberArray = [xmlDocument nodesForXPath:@"//number" error:nil];
    for (GDataXMLElement *numberelement in numberArray) {
        NSLog(@"学号:%@",numberelement.stringValue);
    }

三.Sax方式解析:

//获取文件路径
    NSString *filePath =[[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"Student" ofType:@".txt"];
    //读取文件中的数据
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    NSLog(@"%@",data);
    //解析数据
    //①.创建解析数据的工具类对象
    NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc]initWithData:data];
    //②.设置代理,因为NSXMLParser这个类的解析是基于协议回调机制的
    parser.delegate = self;
    //③.手动开启解析
    [parser parse];

注意:Sax方式必须实现的五步:

//1.开始解析文档
- (void)parserDidStartDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser
{
    //初始化学生数组
    self.studentsArray = [NSMutableArray array];
}
//2.解析开始标签 
-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict
{
    _currentElementName = elementName;
    //打印开始标签
    NSLog(@"***%@",elementName);

    if ([elementName isEqualToString:@"stu"]) {
        Student *stu = [[Student alloc]init];
        [_studentsArray addObject:stu];
        [stu release];
    }
}
//3.取出标签后的值
-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string
{
    //获取刚刚添加到数组中新的元素(最后一个元素)
    Student * stu = [_studentsArray lastObject];
    //KVC方式给属性赋值
    [stu setValue:string forKey:_currentElementName];
    //打印标签后的值
    NSLog(@"%@",string);
}
//4.解析结束标签
-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName
{
    NSLog(@"+++%@",elementName);
    //避免给同一个属性,重新赋值,这个步骤必须有
    _currentElementName = nil;
}
//5.结束解析文档
- (void)parserDidEndDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser
{
    NSLog(@"结束解析文档");
    //遍历一下学生数组
    for (Student *stu in _studentsArray) {
        NSLog(@"%@",stu);
    }
}

展示一下Teacher.txt里的内容

{"key1":
    [
        {"number":"1","name":"张三","sex":"男","age":"20"},
        {"number":"2","name":"李四","sex":"女","age":"23"},
        {"number":"3","name":"王五","sex":"男","age":"21"}
    ],
"key2":
    [
        {"number":"4","name":"三","sex":"男","age":"20"},
        {"number":"5","name":"四","sex":"女","age":"23"},
        {"number":"6","name":"五","sex":"男","age":"21"}
    ]
}

展示一下Student.txt里的内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<students>
    <stu>
        <number>1</number>
        <name>张三</name>
        <time>今晚8点</time>
        <address>如家403</address>
    </stu>
    <stu>
        <number>2</number>
        <name>李四</name>
        <time>今晚9点</time>
        <address>如家404</address>
    </stu>
    <stu>
        <number>3</number>
        <name>王五</name>
        <time>今晚10点</time>
        <address>如家405</address>
    </stu>
</students>