从WMI看VC++到.Net的变迁

http://cool.worm.blog.163.com/blog/static/6433900620095893630609/

WMI(Windows Management Instrumentation)是Windows下可以与系统信息(包括软硬件等)的一个管理框架，通过WMI可以很方便地对机器进行管理。现在以通过WMI来打开(或创建)一个记事本(notepad.exe)进程为例，看看VC++到.Net的变迁，一览.Net是如何让程序员从繁琐晦涩的程序中解放出来。

1、预工作：
VC++中需要在源代码中加入：
#include <Wbemidl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")

VC#中需要：
在工程中添加引用：System.Management
在代码中加入using System.Management;

2、流程：
VC++的代码，需要6步和查询返回值、最后释放资源：

// Step 1: --------------------------------------------------
// Initialize COM. ------------------------------------------
hres =  CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED); 

// Step 2: --------------------------------------------------
// Set general COM security levels --------------------------
hres =   CoInitializeSecurity(
        NULL, 
        -1,                          // COM negotiates service
        NULL,                        // Authentication services
        NULL,                        // Reserved
        RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT,   // Default authentication
        RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation 
        NULL,                        // Authentication info
        EOAC_NONE,                   // Additional capabilities
        NULL                         // Reserved
        );

// Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------
// Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------
IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;
hres = CoCreateInstance(
        CLSID_WbemLocator,             
        0 , 
        CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, 
        IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);

// Step 4: ---------------------------------------------------
// Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method
IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;
// Connect to the local root\cimv2 namespace
// and obtain pointer pSvc to make IWbemServices calls.
hres = pLoc-> ConnectServer(
        _bstr_t(L"ROOT\\CIMV2" ), 
        NULL,
        NULL, 
        0 , 
        NULL, 
        0 , 
        0 , 
        & pSvc
    );

// Step 5: --------------------------------------------------
// Set security levels for the proxy ------------------------
hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(
        pSvc,                        // Indicates the proxy to set
        RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,           // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
        RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,            // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
        NULL,                        // Server principal name
        RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,      // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx
        RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
        NULL,                        // client identity
        EOAC_NONE                    // proxy capabilities
    );

// Step 6: --------------------------------------------------
// Use the IWbemServices pointer to make requests of WMI ----
// set up to call the Win32_Process::Create method
BSTR MethodName = SysAllocString(L"Create" );
BSTR ClassName = SysAllocString(L"Win32_Process" );

IWbemClassObject* pClass = NULL;
hres = pSvc->GetObject(ClassName, 0, NULL, & pClass, NULL);

IWbemClassObject* pInParamsDefinition = NULL;
hres = pClass->GetMethod(MethodName, 0 , 
        & pInParamsDefinition, NULL);

IWbemClassObject* pClassInstance = NULL;
hres = pInParamsDefinition->SpawnInstance(0, & pClassInstance);

// Create the values for the in parameters
VARIANT varCommand;
varCommand.vt = VT_BSTR;
varCommand.bstrVal = L"notepad.exe" ;
// Store the value for the in parameters
hres = pClassInstance->Put(L"CommandLine", 0 ,
        &varCommand, 0 );
wprintf(L"The command is: %s\n", V_BSTR(& varCommand));

// Execute Method
IWbemClassObject* pOutParams = NULL;
hres = pSvc->ExecMethod(ClassName, MethodName, 0, NULL, pClassInstance, &pOutParams, NULL);

// Get return value
VARIANT varReturnValue;
hres = pOutParams->Get(_bstr_t(L"ReturnValue"), 0, &varReturnValue, NULL, 0 );

// Last: clean up
VariantClear(& varCommand);
VariantClear(& varReturnValue);
SysFreeString(ClassName);
SysFreeString(MethodName);
pClass-> Release();
pInParamsDefinition-> Release();
pOutParams-> Release();
pLoc-> Release();
pSvc-> Release();
CoUninitialize(); 
VC#只需寥寥数行就可以实现（暂不考虑错误处理）：
跳过VC++中的Step1~5，直接从Step6开始。而且非常直观：

ManagementClass mc = new  ManagementClass("Win32_Process" );
ManagementBaseObject obj = mc.GetMethodParameters("Create" );
obj["CommandLine"]="notepad.exe" ;
mc.InvokeMethod("Create", obj, null );
mc.Dispose();
.Net对WMI良好的封装，还有对字符串的更强支持、方便的垃圾回收机制，使程序既一目了然，又易于维护。其实类似的区别在VC vs VB年代已经出现了（特别是在COM组件编写和调用方面可以看出），从这点也可以看出.Net完全继承了VB易学易用的特性，又不失强大的功能。

 

 

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