map hash_map unordered_map 性能比较

原文地址http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20384806-id-3055333.html

by zieckey

测试条件：

gcc version 4.2.1 20070719  [FreeBSD]

FreeBSD  7.2-RELEASE #0: Fri May  1 07:18:07 UTC 2009     root@driscoll.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC  amd64
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5620  @ 2.40GHz 16核

测试程序说明：

先准备好n个字符串随机的MD5字符串做为key，然后分别对3个容器进行插入、遍历、查找、删除操作。

例如，n=100的时候，插入是指插入100个随机MD5 key；遍历是指对容器遍历一次；查找是指分别对这个100个随机的MD5 key做查找操作（即查找100次）；删除是指挨个删除这个100个随机MD5 key。

测试数据如下表：

插入，单位us	100	1K	10K	100K	1M	10M
std::map	241	2833	35888	381214	4439088	62233380
std::ext/hash_map	97	1667	16466	146025	1788446	18512639
std::tr1::unordered_map	77	772	8052	53094	658312	7429297

遍历，单位us	100	1K	10K	100K	1M	10M
std::map	11	76	842	11603	155700	1771906
std::ext/hash_map	47	430	4218	39880	470344	4781575
std::tr1::unordered_map	1	1	2	1	2	1

查找，单位us	100	1K	10K	100K	1M	10M
std::map	156	2111	30456	258709	4100260	59064394
std::ext/hash_map	77	774	8056	56974	660231	7705527
std::tr1::unordered_map	77	772	8051	54456	659537	7600263

删除，单位us	100	1K	10K	100K	1M	10M
std::map	291	3641	49584	472414	6675897	92491113
std::ext/hash_map	89	869	9068	86524	964767	10372650
std::tr1::unordered_map	49	480	4879	33087	395098	4369617

结论：

1. std::tr1::unordered_map 与 std::ext/hash_map 

     任何情况下，如果要在这两个容器之间选择的话， 我们毫不犹豫应该选择 unordered_map。因为他的性能在上述4中操作中均优于 hash_map，甚至可以说远远优于 hash_map。

2.  std::tr1::unordered_map 与 std::map 

     map的性能总体来说是最差的。但是， 当我们需要一个有序的关联容器的时候，我们必须选择std::map，因为 unordered_map 内部元素不是有序的，这一点从名字都可以看出来。除此之外都应该选择 unordered_map 。

3. 上述测试中，unordered_map 的遍历性能几乎是常数级别的，与常识不太相符，需要再研究研究。

附录：贴上源代码

说明：与测试程序稍有区别，这里的源码里没有MD5相关的代码以确保其他人能比较方便的直接拿去编译运行。

如有错误还请跟帖指出，非常感谢。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <ext/hash_map>
#include <tr1/unordered_map>

namespace zl
{ //{{{
    struct equal_to
    {
        bool operator()(const char* s1, const char* s2) const
        {
            return strcmp(s1, s2) == 0;
        }
    };
 
    struct hash_string
        : public std::unary_function<std::string, std::size_t>
        {
            std::size_t
                operator()(const std::string& __s) const
#ifdef __linux__
                { return std::tr1::Fnv_hash<>::hash(__s.data(), __s.length()); }
#else
                { return std::tr1::_Fnv_hash<>::hash(__s.data(), __s.length()); }
#endif
        };

    
    struct hash_charptr
        : public std::unary_function<const char*, std::size_t>
        {
            std::size_t
                operator()(const char* __s) const
#ifdef __linux__
                { return std::tr1::Fnv_hash<>::hash(__s, strlen(__s)); }
#else
                { return std::tr1::_Fnv_hash<>::hash(__s, strlen(__s)); }
#endif
        };
}//}}}

typedef std::list<std::string> string_list;
typedef std::map<std::string, int> string_map;
typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_map<std::string, int, zl::hash_string> string_hash_map;
typedef std::tr1::unordered_map<std::string, int> string_unordered_map;

void fill_list(string_list& slist, size_t count);
uint64_t current_usec();

int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    if (argc != 2 && argc != 3)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage:%s test_count rehash\n", argv[0]);
        fprintf(stderr, "For example:%s 10000 rehash\n", argv[0]);
        return -1;
    }

    size_t count = atoi(argv[1]);
    bool rehash = false;
    if (argc == 3)
    {
        rehash = true;
    }

    string_map smap;
    string_hash_map shash_map;
    string_unordered_map sunordered_map;

    if (rehash)
    {
        sunordered_map.rehash(count);
    }

    string_list slist;
    fill_list(slist, count);

    uint64_t start = 0;
    uint64_t end = 0;

    uint64_t map_insert_us = 0;
    uint64_t hash_map_insert_us = 0;
    uint64_t unordered_map_insert_us = 0;

    uint64_t map_traverse_us = 0;
    uint64_t hash_map_traverse_us = 0;
    uint64_t unordered_map_traverse_us = 0;

    uint64_t map_find_us = 0;
    uint64_t hash_map_find_us = 0;
    uint64_t unordered_map_find_us = 0;

    uint64_t map_delete_us = 0;
    uint64_t hash_map_delete_us = 0;
    uint64_t unordered_map_delete_us = 0;



    // Insert test
    {//{{{
        string_list::iterator it(slist.begin());
        string_list::iterator ite(slist.end());

        //map insert
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            smap[*it] = i;
        }
        end = current_usec();
        map_insert_us = end - start;

        //hash_map insert
        it = slist.begin();
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            shash_map[*it] = i;
        }
        end = current_usec();
        hash_map_insert_us = end - start;

        //unordered_map insert
        it = slist.begin();
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            shash_map[*it] = i;
        }
        end = current_usec();
        unordered_map_insert_us = end - start;
    }//}}}

    // Traverse test
    {//{{{
        //map traverse 
        {
            string_map::iterator it(smap.begin());
            string_map::iterator ite(smap.end());
            start = current_usec();
            for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it)
            {
                i++;
            }
            end = current_usec();
            map_traverse_us = end - start;
        }

        //hash_map traverse 
        {
            string_hash_map::iterator it(shash_map.begin());
            string_hash_map::iterator ite(shash_map.end());
            start = current_usec();
            for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it)
            {
                i++;
            }
            end = current_usec();
            hash_map_traverse_us = end - start;
        }

        //unordered_map traverse 
        {
            string_unordered_map::iterator it(sunordered_map.begin());
            string_unordered_map::iterator ite(sunordered_map.end());
            start = current_usec();
            for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it)
            {
                i++;
            }
            end = current_usec();
            unordered_map_traverse_us = end - start;
        }
    }//}}}

    // Find test
    {//{{{
        string_list::iterator it(slist.begin());
        string_list::iterator ite(slist.end());

        //map find
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            smap[*it] = i;
        }
        end = current_usec();
        map_find_us = end - start;

        //hash_map find
        it = slist.begin();
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            shash_map[*it] = i;
        }
        end = current_usec();
        hash_map_find_us = end - start;

        //unordered_map find
        it = slist.begin();
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            shash_map[*it] = i;
        }
        end = current_usec();
        unordered_map_find_us = end - start;
    }//}}}

    // Delete test
    {//{{{
        string_list::iterator it(slist.begin());
        string_list::iterator ite(slist.end());

        //map delete
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            smap.erase(*it);
        }
        end = current_usec();
        map_delete_us = end - start;

        //hash_map delete
        it = slist.begin();
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            shash_map.erase(*it);
        }
        end = current_usec();
        hash_map_delete_us = end - start;

        //unordered_map delete
        it = slist.begin();
        start = current_usec();
        for (int i = 0; it != ite; ++it, ++i)
        {
            shash_map.erase(*it);
        }
        end = current_usec();
        unordered_map_delete_us = end - start;
    }//}}}

    //stat output
    std::cout << " insert, count " << count << std::endl;
    std::cout << " std::map " << map_insert_us << " us\n";
    std::cout << " std::ext/hash_map " << hash_map_insert_us << " us\n";
    std::cout << "std::tr1::unordered_map " << unordered_map_insert_us << " us\n";

    std::cout << "\n";
    std::cout << " traverse, count " << count << std::endl;
    std::cout << " std::map " << map_traverse_us << " us\n";
    std::cout << " std::ext/hash_map " << hash_map_traverse_us << " us\n";
    std::cout << "std::tr1::unordered_map " << unordered_map_traverse_us << " us\n";

    std::cout << "\n";
    std::cout << " find, count " << count << std::endl;
    std::cout << " std::map " << map_find_us << " us\n";
    std::cout << " std::ext/hash_map " << hash_map_find_us << " us\n";
    std::cout << "std::tr1::unordered_map " << unordered_map_find_us << " us\n";

    std::cout << "\n";
    std::cout << " delete, count " << count << std::endl;
    std::cout << " std::map " << map_delete_us << " us\n";
    std::cout << " std::ext/hash_map " << hash_map_delete_us << " us\n";
    std::cout << "std::tr1::unordered_map " << unordered_map_delete_us << " us\n";

     
    return 0;
}

void fill_list(string_list& slist, size_t count)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
    {
        std::ostringstream oss;
        oss << i;
        //slist.push_back(MD5::getHexMD5(oss.str().c_str(), oss.str().length()));
        slist.push_back(oss.str());
    }
}


uint64_t current_usec()
{
    struct timeval tv;
    gettimeofday( &tv, NULL );
    return tv.tv_sec * 1000 * 1000 + tv.tv_usec;
}