在实现这个功能之前可以弄清几个获取系统路径的方法：
- Context.getCacheDir().getPath() ; 对应路径：/ data /user / 0 / <应用程序包>/ cache（路径不可见）
- Context.getFilesDir().getPath() ; 对应路径：/ data / user / 0 / <应用程序包> /files（路径不可见）
- Context.getExternalCacheDir().getPath(); 对应路径：Android/data/<应用程序包>/cache （如果想缓存文件可用这个，内存不足时删除，节约用户空间）
- Context.getExternalFilesDir("glide").getPath(); 对应路径：Android/data/<应用程序包>/files/glide （如果想缓存文件可用这个，会随应用删除而删除，节约用户空间）
- context.getDir("config", Context.MODE_PRIVATE); 对应路径：Android/data/包名/app_config （其中包名后面的app_是为调用时，系统自己加上的，Context.MODE_PRIVATE：为默认操作模式，代表该文件是私有数据，只能被应用本身访问）
- Context.getPackageName() : <应用程序包>
- Context.getPackageResourcePath() : /data/app/com.zhd-1.apk
- Context.getPackageResourcePath() ：用于获取该程序的安装包路径
- Context.getDatabasePath()：用于获取/ data / <应用程序包> / databases 目录
- Environment.getRootDirectory().getPath() : /system
- Environment.getDataDirectory().getPath(): /data
- Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() ：用于获得内部存储卡路径
第一种方式（推荐）：
5.0版本及以上可用ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs() 获取到内置和外置存储卡路径
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
File[] files = ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(
BaseApplication.mContext, null)
}5.0版本以下可以用反射
pathsTmp = (String[]) methodGetPaths.invoke(sManager);详细代码代码地址：https://github.com/gaoleicoding/StorageCard
第二种方式：
根据安装信息解析SD卡路径。测试通很多型号手机项目中以运用，主要代码如下：
<span style="font-size:14px;">public class SDCardUtil {
public final String TAG = "SDCardUtils";
public final static String DIR_SINGLE_SDCARD_NAME = "内置存储卡";
public final static String DIR_SDCARD_NAME = "内置存储卡";
public final static String DIR_EXT_SDCARD_NAME = "扩展存储卡";
// public final static String DIR_UDISK_NAME = "USB存储设备";
private static String SDCARD_PATH = getSDCardPath();
// 系统目录链接，key是linkPath，value是realPath
public static HashMap<String, String> sysLinkToReal = new HashMap<String, String>();
// 系统目录的反向链接， key是realPath，value是linkPath
public static HashMap<String, String> sysRealToLink = new HashMap<String, String>();
public static boolean isMounted() {
return Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
}
public static String getSDCardPath() {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
}
/**
* 是否能通过基本过滤
*
* @param str
* @return
*/
private static boolean testBasicFilter(String str) {
String[] keys = new String[] { "sd", "emmc", "hwuserdata", "udisk",
"ext_card", "usbotg", "disk1", "disk2", "disk3", "disk4",
"usbdrivea", "usbdriveb", "usbdrivec", "usbdrived", "storage",
"external" };
int len = keys.length;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (str.contains(keys[i])) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static boolean sdCardCanWrite(String path) {
if (path == null) {
return false;
}
File SdCardRoot = new File(path);
if (SdCardRoot.canWrite() == false) {
return false;
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
// canWrite() 在4.4系统不起作用，只要路径存在总是返回true
File testPath = new File(new File(path), ".testwrite"
+ String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
if (testPath.mkdirs()) {
testPath.delete();
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
} else {
return true;
}
}
public static ArrayList<SDCardStat> getSDCardStats(Context context) {
ArrayList<SDCardStat> list = new ArrayList<SDCardStat>();
try {
Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("mount");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
process.getInputStream()));
// BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new
// FileInputStream("/mnt/sdcard/sdcards_info/mount.log")));
String str, lowerStr;
while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
lowerStr = str.toLowerCase();
// Log.d("gaolei", "str---------line-----"+str);
if(str.contains("/storage/")){
// MainActivity.filterBuilder.append("\nstorage:\n");
MainActivity.filterBuilder.append("storage----: "+str+"\n\n");
}
// if(str.contains("/sd/")){
// MainActivity.filterBuilder.append("sd:\n\n");
// MainActivity.filterBuilder.append(str+"\n\n");
// }
// Utils.writeLog("getSDCardStats: " + lowerStr);
if (!testBasicFilter(lowerStr)) {
continue;
}
String[] cols = str.split("\\s+");
if (cols == null) {
continue;
}
String path = findSDCardPath(cols);
Log.d("gaolei", "path--------0-------"+path);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
// path = findUDiskPath(cols);
// if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
// SDCardStat.Format format = findSDCardFormat(cols);
// if (format != null) {
// UDiskStat = new SDCardStat(path,
// format, 1025);
// }
// }
continue;
}
SDCardStat.Format format = findSDCardFormat(cols);
if (format == null) {
continue;
}
int minorIdx = (Format.vfat == format || Format.exfat == format || Format.texfat == format) ? findVoldDevNodeMinorIndex(cols)
: -100;
SDCardStat stat = new SDCardStat(path, format, minorIdx);
Log.d("gaolei", "path--------1-------"+path);
if (!compareData(list, stat.totalSize)) {
continue;
}
// MainActivity.filterBuilder.append("path----: "+path+"\n\n");
// 4.4以上版本修改trootPath路径，因为4.4及以上版本不支持往外置SD卡根目录写权限
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
if (!SDCardUtil.sdCardCanWrite(path)) {
stat.canWrite = false;
File[] filePath = ContextCompat.getExternalFilesDirs(
context, null);
if (filePath != null) {
for (File f : filePath) {
if (f != null) {
if (f.getAbsolutePath().startsWith(path)) {
stat.rootPath = f.getAbsolutePath();
Log.d("gaolei", "path--------if-------"+path);
MainActivity.filterBuilder.append("path--if--: "+path+"\n\n");
list.add(stat);
break;
}
}
}
}
} else {
Log.d("gaolei", "path--------else-------"+path);
MainActivity.filterBuilder.append("path--else--: "+path+"\n\n");
list.add(stat);
}
} else {
MainActivity.filterBuilder.append("path--other--: "+path+"\n\n");
Log.d("gaolei", "path--------other-------"+path);
list.add(stat);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return list;
}
list = sortSDCardList(list);
for (int idx = 0, size = list.size(); idx < size; idx++) {
if (idx == 0) {
list.get(0).name = (size == 1) ? DIR_SINGLE_SDCARD_NAME
: DIR_SDCARD_NAME;
} else if (idx == 1) {
list.get(1).name = DIR_EXT_SDCARD_NAME;
} else {
list.get(idx).name = DIR_EXT_SDCARD_NAME + idx;
}
}
// 将U盘放最后
// if (UDiskStat != null) {
// UDiskStat.name = DIR_UDISK_NAME;
// list.add(UDiskStat);
// }
return list;
}
private static boolean checkSDCardExistByRootPath(String path,
ArrayList<SDCardStat> list) {
boolean existFlag = false;
for (SDCardStat stat : list) {
if (SDCARD_PATH.equals(stat.rootPath)) {
existFlag = true;
break;
}
}
return existFlag;
}
/**
* 根据设备挂载次序排序SDCard
*
* @param list
* @return
*/
private static ArrayList<SDCardStat> sortSDCardList(
ArrayList<SDCardStat> list) {
ArrayList<SDCardStat> resultList = new ArrayList<SDCardStat>();
int minIdx = 0;
for (SDCardStat stat : list) {
if (minIdx == 0) {
resultList.add(stat);
minIdx = stat.voldMinorIdx;
continue;
}
if (stat.voldMinorIdx < minIdx
|| isInnerSdcard(stat.rootPath, stat.totalSize)) {
resultList.add(0, stat);
minIdx = stat.voldMinorIdx;
} else {
resultList.add(stat);
}
}
return resultList;
}
private final static long SD_PHY_SIZE_1G = 1000 * 1000 * 1000;
private final static long SD_LOGIC_SIZE_1G = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
private final static double SD_LOGIC_DIFF = SD_LOGIC_SIZE_1G
/ (double) SD_PHY_SIZE_1G;
static boolean nCF3(int n) {
boolean boo = true;
String s = Integer.toBinaryString(n);
byte[] b = s.getBytes();
for (int i = 1; i < b.length; i++) {
if (b[i] != 48) {
boo = false;
break;
}
}
return boo;
}
private static boolean isPhySize(long totalSize) {
boolean result = false;
long count = totalSize / SD_PHY_SIZE_1G;
if (count % 2 == 0) {
count = count + 0;
} else {
count = count + 1;
}
if (!nCF3((int) count) || 0 >= totalSize) {
return result;
}
double real_diff = SD_LOGIC_SIZE_1G * count / (double) totalSize;
// 1.063 <= real_diff <= 1.083
result = real_diff >= SD_LOGIC_DIFF - 0.01
&& real_diff <= SD_LOGIC_DIFF + 0.01;
return result;
}
private static boolean isInnerSdcard(String path, long totalSize) {
try {
if (!path.endsWith("/")) {
path = path + "/";
}
return !isPhySize(totalSize)
&& (Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.getAbsoluteFile().getCanonicalPath() + "/")
.equals(path);
} catch (IOException e) {
return false;
}
}
/**
* 根据mount信息解析sdcard路径
*
* @param mountInfo
* @return
*/
private static String findSDCardPath(String[] mountInfo) {
String lowerStr;
for (String col : mountInfo) {
lowerStr = col.toLowerCase();
// Log.d("gaolei", "lowerStr--------------"+lowerStr);
// lenovo 部分手机会把扩展卡bind镜像 /mnt/extrasd_bind
if ((lowerStr.contains("sd") && !lowerStr.contains("extrasd_bind"))
|| lowerStr.contains("emmc")
|| lowerStr.contains("ext_card")
|| lowerStr.contains("external_sd")
|| lowerStr.contains("usbstorage")) {
String pDir = getParentPath(col);
// onda平板 扩展卡 /mnt/sdcard/external_sdcard, 三星note扩展卡
// /mnt/sdcard/external_sd
// Sony C6603 扩展卡 /storage/removable/sdcard1
if (pDir.equals(getParentPath(SDCARD_PATH))
|| pDir.equals(SDCARD_PATH)
|| pDir.equals(SDCARD_PATH + "/")
|| pDir.equals("/storage/")
|| pDir.equals("/storage/removable/")) {
return col;
}
}
if ((col.contains("/storage/") && !col.contains("self") && !col
.contains("legacy"))) {
Log.d("gaolei", "storage--------------"+col);
return col;
}
if (col.equals("/mnt/ext_sdcard")) {
// 华为p6扩展卡
return col;
}
if (col.equals("/udisk")) {
// coolpad 内置卡 /udisk
return col;
}
if (col.equals("/HWUserData")) {
// 部分 huawei 内置卡 /HWUserData
return col;
}
if (col.equals("/storage/external")) {
// coolpad8720l 外置卡
return col;
}
if (col.equals("/Removable/MicroSD")) {
// ASUS_T00G
return col;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 获取SD卡显示路径.<br>
* 类似<strong>/storage/emulated/0</strong>不需要显示路径.<br>
* 类似<strong>/storage/extSdCard/Android/data/{pageageName}/files</strong>
* 只显示从<strong>/Android</strong>开头的路径.
*
* @param path
* @return
*/
public static String getShowSDPath(SDCardStat stat) {
String showPath = "";
String path = stat.rootPath;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19 && !stat.canWrite) {
int index = path.indexOf("Android/data/");
if (index != -1) {
showPath = path.substring(index);
}
} else {
showPath = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf(File.separator) + 1);
if (showPath.equals("0")) {
showPath = "";
}
}
return showPath;
}
/**
* 根据mount信息解析sdcard分区格式
*
* @param mountInfo
* @return
*/
private static SDCardStat.Format findSDCardFormat(String[] mountInfo) {
int formatMinLength = 0;
int formatMaxLength = 0;
for (SDCardStat.Format format : SDCardStat.Format.values()) {
int len = format.toString().length();
if (len > formatMaxLength) {
formatMaxLength = len;
} else if (len < formatMinLength) {
formatMinLength = len;
}
}
for (String col : mountInfo) {
if (col.length() < formatMinLength
|| col.length() > formatMaxLength) {
continue;
}
for (SDCardStat.Format format : SDCardStat.Format.values()) {
if (format.toString().equals(col)) {
return format;
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 解析Vold设备号
*
* @param mountInfo
* @return
*/
private static String findVoldDevNodeIndex(String[] mountInfo) {
if (mountInfo == null || mountInfo.length <= 0) {
return null;
}
String voldInfo = mountInfo[0];
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(voldInfo)) {
return null;
}
return voldInfo.replaceFirst("/dev/block/vold/", "");
}
/**
* 解析Vold(vfat格式)次设备号
*
* @param mountInfo
* @return
*/
private static int findVoldDevNodeMinorIndex(String[] mountInfo) {
String voldInfo = findVoldDevNodeIndex(mountInfo);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(voldInfo)) {
return -1;
}
String[] infos = voldInfo.split(":");
if (infos == null || infos.length < 2) {
return -1;
}
return Integer.valueOf(infos[1]);
}
/**
* 计算目标路径的磁盘使用情况
*
* @param path
* @return
*/
private static DiskStat getDiskCapacity(String path) {
File file = new File(path);
if (!file.exists()) {
return null;
}
StatFs stat = new StatFs(path);
long blockSize = stat.getBlockSize();
long totalBlockCount = stat.getBlockCount();
long feeBlockCount = stat.getAvailableBlocks();
return new DiskStat(blockSize * feeBlockCount, blockSize
* totalBlockCount);
}
/**
* 取上一级路径
*
* @param path
* @return
*/
public static String getParentPath(String path) {
if (path != null && path.length() > 0) {
path = path.substring(0, path.length() - 1); // 去掉最后一个字符 ， 以兼容以“/”
// 结尾的路径
return path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf(File.separator) + 1);
} else {
return "";
}
}
// 1.判断如果总容量小于2G,则排除 2.排除内置或外置重复路径
public static boolean compareData(ArrayList<SDCardStat> list,
long capacity) {
//排除内置或外置重复路径
if (list.size() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
if (list.get(i).totalSize==capacity) {
Log.d("gaolei", "duplicate-------------------------");
return false;
}
}
}
//判断如果总容量小于2G
if (capacity/ 1073741824<2) {
Log.d("gaolei", "capacity/ 1073741824-------------------------"+capacity/ 1073741824);
return false;
}
return true;
}
public static class SDCardStat {
public String rootPath;
public String excludePath; // 排除路径， 某些手机会将扩展卡挂载在sdcard下面
public String name;
public Format format;
// public long usedSize;
public long totalSize;
public long freeSize;
public boolean isCaseSensitive;
public int voldMinorIdx;
// voldMinorIdx 小于此值的为sdcard内置设备，大于此值的是u盘
public static int SDCARD_MAX_COUNT = 1024;
/**
* Android4.4增加了SD卡读写权限设置，分为内置存储和外置SD卡，对权限见下表：<br>
* <table width="60%" border="1" align="center">
* <tr>
* <th align="center">Action</th>
* <th align="center">Primary</th>
* <th align="center">Secondary</th>
* </tr>
* <tbody>
* <tr>
* <td>Read Top-Level Directories</td>
* <td align="center">R</td>
* <td align="center">R</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>Write Top-Level Directories</td>
* <td align="center">W</td>
* <td align="center">N</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>Read My Package’s Android Data Directory</td>
* <td align="center">Y</td>
* <td align="center">Y</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>Write My Package’s Android Data Directory</td>
* <td align="center">Y</td>
* <td align="center">Y</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>Read Another Package’s Android Data Directory</td>
* <td align="center">R</td>
* <td align="center">R</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>Write Another Package’s Android Data Directory</td>
* <td align="center">W</td>
* <td align="center">N</td>
* </tr>
* </tbody>
* </table>
* <p style="text-align: center;">
* <strong>R = With Read Permission, W = With Write Permission, Y =
* Always, N = Never </strong>
* </p>
* 根据上面表格判断SD类型，这个属性代表了Write Top-Level Directories的Secondary(外置SD卡).<br>
* 由于部分手机厂商没有遵循Google新的SD卡规范，所以在部分Android4.4手机上外置SD卡的根目录仍然有读写
* 权限.所以只有在Android4.4以上手机，并且外置SD卡不可写的情况此属性才为<strong>false</strong>.
*/
public boolean canWrite = true;
public SDCardStat(String path, Format format, int voldMinorIdx,
String excludePath) {
DiskStat stat = getDiskCapacity(path);
if (stat != null) {
this.freeSize = stat.free;
this.totalSize = stat.total;
}
this.rootPath = path;
this.format = format;
this.isCaseSensitive = checkCaseSensitive(format);
// this.name = getSDCardName(path);
this.voldMinorIdx = voldMinorIdx;
this.excludePath = excludePath;
}
public SDCardStat(String path, Format format, int voldMinorIdx) {
this(path, format, voldMinorIdx, "");
}
public static enum Format {
vfat, exfat, ext4, fuse, sdcardfs, texfat
}
public boolean checkCaseSensitive(Format format) {
return (format == Format.vfat || format == Format.exfat) ? false
: true;
}
public void setExcludePath(String excludePath) {
DiskStat excludeStat = getDiskCapacity(excludePath);
if (excludeStat != null) {
this.freeSize -= excludeStat.free;
this.totalSize -= excludeStat.total;
}
this.excludePath = excludePath;
}
public void refreshDiskCapacity() {
DiskStat stat = getDiskCapacity(this.rootPath);
if (stat != null) {
this.freeSize = stat.free;
this.totalSize = stat.total;
}
}
}
public static class DiskStat {
public long free;
public long total;
public DiskStat(long free, long total) {
this.free = free;
this.total = total;
}
}
}</span>
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