netty 学习 （2）Handler的执行顺序

于 2015-12-23 15:36:57 发布
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netty 学习 （2）Handler的执行顺序

发表于2年前(2014-06-04 16:14)   阅读（ 8120） | 评论（ 3）  11人收藏此文章, 我要收藏
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1月16日厦门 OSC 源创会火热报名中，奖品多多哦  

摘要  Handler在netty中，无疑占据着非常重要的地位。Handler与Servlet中的filter很像，通过Handler可以完成通讯报文的解码编码、拦截指定的报文、统一对日志错误进行处理、统一对请求进行计数、控制Handler执行与否。一句话，没有它做不到的只有你想不到的。 参考自：http://blog.csdn.net/u013252773/article/details/21195593

Handler在netty中，无疑占据着非常重要的地位。Handler与Servlet中的filter很像，通过Handler可以完成通讯报文的解码编码、拦截指定的报文、统一对日志错误进行处理、统一对请求进行计数、控制Handler执行与否。一句话，没有它做不到的只有你想不到的。 

Netty中的所有handler都实现自ChannelHandler接口。按照输出输出来分，分为ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler两大类。ChannelInboundHandler对从客户端发往服务器的报文进行处理，一般用来执行解码、读取客户端数据、进行业务处理等；ChannelOutboundHandler对从服务器发往客户端的报文进行处理，一般用来进行编码、发送报文到客户端。 

Netty中，可以注册多个handler。ChannelInboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序执行；ChannelOutboundHandler按照注册的先后顺序逆序执行，如下图所示，按照注册的先后顺序对Handler进行排序，request进入Netty后的执行顺序为： 

下面例子涉及的类包括： 

一、HelloServer： 


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package com.yao.nettyhandler;
 
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
 
public class HelloServer {
     public void start( int port) throws Exception {
         EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
         EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
         try {
             ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
             b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel. class )
                     .childHandler( new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                                 @Override
                                 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                                     // 注册两个OutboundHandler，执行顺序为注册顺序的逆序，所以应该是OutboundHandler2 OutboundHandler1
                                     ch.pipeline().addLast( new OutboundHandler1());
                                     ch.pipeline().addLast( new OutboundHandler2());
                                     // 注册两个InboundHandler，执行顺序为注册顺序，所以应该是InboundHandler1 InboundHandler2
                                     ch.pipeline().addLast( new InboundHandler1());
                                     ch.pipeline().addLast( new InboundHandler2());
                                 }
                             }).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128 )
                     .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true );
 
             ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
 
             f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
         } finally {
             workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
             bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
         }
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         HelloServer server = new HelloServer();
         server.start( 8000 );
     }
}
二、InboundHandler1： 



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package com.yao.nettyhandler;
 
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
 
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
public class InboundHandler1 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
     private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(InboundHandler1. class );
 
     @Override
     public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
         logger.info( "InboundHandler1.channelRead: ctx :" + ctx);
         
         // 通知执行下一个InboundHandler
         //ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         logger.info( "InboundHandler1.channelReadComplete" );
         ctx.flush();
     }
}
三、InboundHandler2： 



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package com.yao.nettyhandler;
 
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
 
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
public class InboundHandler2 extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
     private static Log  logger  = LogFactory.getLog(InboundHandler2. class );
 
     @Override
     // 读取Client发送的信息，并打印出来
     public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
         logger.info( "InboundHandler2.channelRead: ctx :" + ctx);
         ByteBuf result = (ByteBuf) msg;
         byte [] result1 = new byte [result.readableBytes()];
         result.readBytes(result1);
         String resultStr = new String(result1);
         System.out.println( "Client said:" + resultStr);
         result.release();
 
         ctx.write(msg);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         logger.info( "InboundHandler2.channelReadComplete" );
         ctx.flush();
     }
 
}
四、OutboundHandler1 ： 



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package com.yao.nettyhandler;
 
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
 
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
public class OutboundHandler1 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
     private static Log  logger  = LogFactory.getLog(OutboundHandler1. class );
     @Override
     // 向client发送消息
     public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
         logger.info( "OutboundHandler1.write" );
         String response = "I am ok!" ;
         ByteBuf encoded = ctx.alloc().buffer( 4 * response.length());
         encoded.writeBytes(response.getBytes());
         ctx.write(encoded);
         ctx.flush();
     }
     
     
}

五、OutboundHandler2： 


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package com.yao.nettyhandler;
 
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
 
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
 
public class OutboundHandler2 extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
     private static Log  logger  = LogFactory.getLog(OutboundHandler2. class );
     
     @Override
     public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
         logger.info( "OutboundHandler2.write" );
         // 执行下一个OutboundHandler
         super .write(ctx, msg, promise);
     }
}



下面是客户端 


六、HelloClient： 


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package com.yao.nettyhandler;
 
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
 
public class HelloClient {
     public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception {
         EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
 
         try {
             Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
             b.group(workerGroup);
             b.channel(NioSocketChannel. class );
             b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true );
             b.handler( new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                 @Override
                 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                     ch.pipeline().addLast( new HelloClientIntHandler());
                 }
             });
 
             // Start the client.
             ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
             f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
         } finally {
             workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
         }
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         HelloClient client = new HelloClient();
         client.connect( "127.0.0.1" , 8000 );
     }
}

七、HelloClientIntHandler： 


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package com.yao.nettyhandler;
 
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
 
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
public class HelloClientIntHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
     private static Log  logger  = LogFactory.getLog(HelloClientIntHandler. class );
     @Override
     // 读取服务端的信息
     public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
         logger.info( "HelloClientIntHandler.channelRead" );
         ByteBuf result = (ByteBuf) msg;
         byte [] result1 = new byte [result.readableBytes()];
         result.readBytes(result1);
         result.release();
         ctx.close();
         System.out.println( "Server said:" + new String(result1));
     }
     @Override
     // 当连接建立的时候向服务端发送消息 ，channelActive 事件当连接建立的时候会触发
     public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         logger.info( "HelloClientIntHandler.channelActive" );
         String msg = "Are you ok?" ;
         ByteBuf encoded = ctx.alloc().buffer( 4 * msg.length());
         encoded.writeBytes(msg.getBytes());
         ctx.write(encoded);
         ctx.flush();
     }
}
八、总结： 

在使用Handler的过程中，需要注意：
1、ChannelInboundHandler之间的传递，通过调用 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg) 实现；调用ctx.write(msg) 将传递到ChannelOutboundHandler。
2、ctx.write()方法执行后，需要调用flush()方法才能令它立即执行。
3、ChannelOutboundHandler 在注册的时候需要放在最后一个ChannelInboundHandler之前，否则将无法传递到ChannelOutboundHandler。
4、Handler的消费处理放在最后一个处理

我但行好事莫问前程
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