SpringMVC快速入门(一)

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-21 17:08:07 发布

Lingdu丶

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-21 17:08:07 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/gfd54gd5f46/article/details/69666798

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GitHub地址：

springMVC:

https://github.com/asd821300801/springMVC.git

Maven管理的springMVC:

https://github.com/asd821300801/MVC.git

总体处理流程图

实现步骤：

1、下载依赖的jar包
2、导入配置文件
3、创建Controller层
4、创建view层

jar包以及配置文件下载：

CSDN:

http://download.csdn.net/detail/gfd54gd5f46/9807501

百度云盘：

链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i5wX8NV 密码：pp15

1、下载依赖的jar包

Maven下载jar包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.3</version>
        </dependency>
<!-- 上传文件的依赖包  -->
        <dependency>
    <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>

2、导入配置文件

1、web.xml（主入口文件）

复制到WEB-INF/目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
    <display-name>springmvc</display-name>
    <!-- 编码过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- spring上下文 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:application.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!-- spring上下文初始化 通过监听器ContextLoaderListener -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!-- springMVC -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/application-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 应用程序启动的时候初始化 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <!-- 启动异步 -->
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <!-- 处理所有请求 -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!-- 通过服务端跳转
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/WEB-INF/page/index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
     -->
    <!-- 
    <error-page>
        <error-code>404</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/error.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>400</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/error.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>500</error-code>
        <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/error.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
     -->
</web-app>

以下是复制到src目录下的配置文件

2、application-mvc.xml（springMVC主配置文件）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd">
    <!-- 只扫描Controller注解的类 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lingdu" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
    </context:component-scan>

    <!-- 处理器适配器和处理器映射器 自动注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 与AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter两个bean -->
    <!-- 映射是通过注解配置的 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- 关键点 *-->
            <!-- 消息的转换 -->
         <mvc:message-converters>
            <bean
                class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
                <!-- 通用json日期转换， @JsonFormat (指定格式)优先级更高 -->
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper">
                        <property name="dateFormat">
                            <bean class="java.text.SimpleDateFormat">
                                <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" />
                            </bean>
                        </property>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters> 
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!-- 定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ，视图模式配置 -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 自动给后面action的方法return的字符串加上前缀和后缀，变成一个 可用的url地址 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
        <property name="contentType" value="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <property name="cache" value="false" />
    </bean>
    <!--DispatcherServlet拦截"/",也可以访问静态资源，不会出现404 -->
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/resources/images/"
        mapping="/resources/images/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/resources/css/"
        mapping="/resources/css/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/resources/js/" mapping="/resources/js/**" />
    <!-- 异常处理 -->
    <bean id="exceptionResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <property name="defaultErrorView">
            <value>/error/500</value>
        </property>
        <property name="defaultStatusCode">
            <value>500</value>
        </property>
        <!--  spring就会使用apache的org.apache.commons.logging.Log日志工具，
        记录这个异常，级别是warn -->
        <property name="warnLogCategory">
            <value>org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
            </value>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

配置只扫描Controller注解的类

配置处理器适配器和处理器映射器

自动注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 与AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter两个bean

视图模式配置

视图默认放在/WEN-INF/pages/目录下

Spring相关的两个配置文件

application.xml（spring配置文件）

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd">
  <!-- 只扫描service -->
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.lingdu">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation"
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service" />
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> 
    </context:component-scan>


</beans>

log4j.properties(日志相关配置文件)

log4j.rootLogger=INFO,console
log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd  HH:mm:ss,SSS}  [%c]-[%p]%m%n

log4j.logger.java.sql=DEBUG

3、创建controller层

注意：springMVC控制层的包名结尾是controller，strtus2中包名的结尾是action

UserController.java

package com.lingdu.user.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * 控制层
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
//控制层
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")//请求映射,这里应该对应目录，对应view层
public class UserController {


    //返回String类型，表示只返回view（相对路径）
    @RequestMapping("/index")//
    public String index(String name,Integer id){
        System.out.println(name + ":" + id);
        return "user/list";
    }

}

4、定义View层

WEB-INF/pages/user/目录下创建list.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
用户列表


</body>
</html>