[译]Visual Basic 2005在语言上的增强（二）My

从Visual Basic 6.0甚至是更早版本迁移到.NET平台下的开发人员所面临的一个主要挑战就是.NET框架本身庞大的规模及其命名空间层次中繁多的类。经常使用的应用程序以及环境变量都可以在.NET框架下的BCL（Base Class Library，涕淌注。）中找到，不过能熟练地定位它们是需要时间的。Visual Basic 2005中的这个新的My层次为许多频繁使用的框架库提供了便捷的、组织有条理的访问接口，从而加速并简化了应用程序的开发。

My有两条令人称奇的特性：
    * 附属条项能够提供组织有序的访问框架库的快捷方式。
    * 一系列的动态对象能够在你向你的项目中添加窗体、设置、资源，以及Web服务时被创建。

My快捷方式在本质上是访问那些经常为人所用的BCL对象的捷径。最顶级的My快捷方式有My.Application、My.Computer，还有My.User，其中的每一个又包含了它自己的对象层次。例如，My.User对象暴露了 Audio、 FileSystem、 Keyboard、 Mouse、 Network、 Registry等等：

Dim sVar As String
sVar = My.User.Identity.Name
sVar = My.Computer.Info.OSFullName
sVar = My.Application.CommandLineArgs.Count.ToString

当你往你的项目中添加窗体、资源、设置，以及Web服务时，Visual Basic能自动为你动态地填充My对象。My.Resources和My.Settings尤其地有趣，因为在你往项目中添加资源和设置的时候，Visual Basic编译器能生成强类型的变量引用。

在Solution Explorer中双击 My Project项来显示应用程序编辑器。如图2所示，在表项的左栏中点击 Settings。

图2 展示了设置表格的应用程序编辑器。错误列表面板用于显示错误、警告，以及其他信息，并且已经和任务列表分离开了。

添加一个用户作用域的Integer型的设置名MaxInputValue，并给它赋值100。这样你就可以马上在你的代码里通过智能感知来使一个强类型变量引用这个设置，就像图3所示的那样。

图3 一个对你在设置应用程序编辑器里创建的设置值进行智能感知的例子。

在设置编辑器的右上角，有一个标注了 View Code的链接。点击这个链接，可以查看到一个名为MySetting_user.vb。这个文件是一个部分类，你可以添加代码处理设置事件，这样当你的设置改变时，你的应用程序的状态也随之更新（参见 部分类型以获得更多内容）。

Partial Public Class MySettings
    '...
End Class

MySettings中暴露了三个事件：
  PropertyChanged
  SettingChanging
  SettingSaving

应用程序设置的接口是 可填充的，这意味着你可以通过实现这些事件的常规历程来存储你自定义的设置。

你也可以得到你在项目中所添加资源的强类型。如果你把一个名为Happy.bmp的图像拖放到 Resources编辑器的 Images工作区里，你就可以使用My.Resources.Happy这样的代码来引用它。Happy是Bitmap变量类型，因此，你不必通过铸造一个Object或是Image变量来在代码中使用它。当你在代码里敲入Happy，智能感知同样能迅速地起作用。譬如：

PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.Happy

此行代码把这个位图变量赋给了一个PictureBox的 Image属性。你可以看看在图4中所示的在智能感知弹出的窗口，它告诉你这个对象是Bitmap类型的。

图4 把一个位图图象拖放到编辑应用程序的资源表格里将产生一个强类型变量，你可以立即在你的代码里引用它。

随着你在项目中添加窗体和Web服务， My变量总是不断地动态更新个中的默认强类型实例，在你的代码中都可以引用它们。

正如你所见的，My能使得你更快捷地查找应用程序及其环境与BCL相关的类，并允许你以简便的、强类型式的访问方式来访问设置、资源以及其他你添加在工程里的对象。无论对任何层次的Visual Basic开发人员，这些特性都将极大地提高开发效率。

@以下附上原文供大家参考@

My

A major challenge faced by developers migrating to .NET from Visual Basic 6.0 and earlier versions is the sheer size of the .NET Framework and the number of classes in its namespace hierarchy. Commonly used application and environment objects are found throughout the Base Class Library (BCL) of the .NET Framework, and it takes time to learn their locations. The new My hierarchy in Visual Basic 2005 speeds up and simplifies application development by providing convenient, logically organized access to many commonly used framework classes.

My comes in two flavors:
• Items that provide well-organized shortcuts into the Framework classes.
• A set of dynamic objects created as you add forms, settings, resources, and Web services to your projects.

The My shortcuts are essentially a speed dial into many commonly used BCL objects. The top-level My shortcuts are My.Application, My.Computer, and My.User, each of which contains its own object hierarchy. For example, the My.User object exposes Audio, FileSystem, Keyboard, Mouse, Network, Registry, and more:

Dim sVar As String
sVar = My.User.Identity.Name
sVar = My.Computer.Info.OSFullName
sVar = My.Application.CommandLineArgs.Count.ToString

The dynamic My objects are automatically populated by Visual Basic as you add forms, resources, settings, and Web services to your project. My.Resources and My.Settings are particularly interesting, as the Visual Basic compiler generates strongly typed variable references as you add resources and settings to your project.

Double-click the My Project item in Solution Explorer to bring up the application designer. Click on Settings in the tab list on the left side as demonstrated in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Application Designer showing the Settings tab. The Error List pane shows errors, warnings, and messages and is now separate from the Task List.

Add a setting name such as MaxInputValue of type Integer at User scope with a value of 100. You can immediately refer to this setting with a strongly typed object in your code with full IntelliSense as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Example of the IntelliSense pop-up for a settings value you create in the Settings application designer

At the top right corner of the Settings designer is a link labeled View Code. Click on this link to view the file named MySettings_user.vb. This file is a partial class where you can add code to handle settings events to update the state of your application as your settings change (see the section on Partial Types for more information):

Partial Public Class MySettings
    '...
End Class

Three MySettings events are exposed here:
    • PropertyChanged
    • SettingChanging
    • SettingsSaving

The application Settings interface is pluggable, meaning that you can define how your settings are saved by implementing these event routines.

You get the same strong typing with Resources you add to your project. If you drop an image named Happy.bmp on the Images area of the Resources designer, you can refer to it in code as My.Resources.Happy. Happy is of type Bitmap, which means that you don't have to cast from an Object or Image type to use the bitmap in code. IntelliSense also works immediately when you type Happy in your code. For example:

PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.HAPPY

This line of code assigns the bitmap object to a PictureBox's Image property. You can see the IntelliSense pop-up window in Figure 4, indicating that the object is of type Bitmap.

Figure 4. Dragging-and-dropping a bitmap image on the Resources tab in the application designer results in a strongly typed object that you can use immediately in your code.

As you add forms and Web services to your project, the My object is dynamically populated with strongly typed default instances of these objects that you can refer to in your code.

As you can see, My makes it more convenient to find application and environment related BCL classes, and gives you immediate and strongly typed access to settings, resources, and other objects you add to your projects. These are great productivity enhancements for Visual Basic developers of any experience level.