理解java.util.concurrent.atomic中的compareAndSet

今天在研究卷积神经网络的代码时看到多线程的问题，中间的compareAndSet方法不太理解，举例演示

线程1和线程2在运行时，想只让线程1运行if语句，但是如果在someone从false到true过程中线程2也开始运行，那么很可能线程2也会进入if条件体里面，如下所示。

示例1：

package atomicboolean_test;

public class visit implements Runnable {
	private boolean someone = false;

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if (someone == false) {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1 * 1000);
				someone = true;
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i am coming");
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i have to leaving");
			someone = false;
		} else {
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i can't visit the house");
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		visit st = new visit();
		new Thread(st, "thread_1").start();
		new Thread(st, "thread_2").start();
	}
}

结果如下图：

很显然线程1和线程2都进入了if语句条件体里了。这不是我们需要的，我们只想让线程1进入条件体，拒绝线程2进入。当someone在赋值为真之后线程2肯定是进入不了条件体的，所以要在someone赋值为真之前也要拒绝线程2进入条件体。这就需要方法compareAndSet来实现了。

官方文档说明：

可见在从expect到update整个过程是不可分的，即原子性。

实现代码：

package atomicboolean_test;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

public class visit implements Runnable {
	// private boolean someone = false;
	private AtomicBoolean someone = new AtomicBoolean();

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if (someone.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ ": after judgment,the someone is " + someone);
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1 * 1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i am coming");
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i have to leaving");
			someone.set(false);
		} else {
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i can't visit the house");
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		visit st = new visit();
		new Thread(st, "thread_1").start();
		new Thread(st, "thread_2").start();
	}
}

package atomicboolean_test;

public class visit implements Runnable {
	private boolean someone = false;

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if (someone == false) {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1 * 1000);
				someone = true;
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i am coming");
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i have to leaving");
			someone = false;
		} else {
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ " i can't visit the house");
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		visit st = new visit();
		new Thread(st, "thread_1").start();
		new Thread(st, "thread_2").start();
	}
}

结果展示：

可以看到在someone从false到true的过程中是一个整体，没有被外来的线程2中间插入。

someone.compareAndSet(false,true)可以理解为：

if(someone == false){
    someone=true
}