Meego架构总览

原文地址: http://meego.com/developers/meego-architecture
 

MeeGo Architecture
 

Submitted by Arjan Van De Ven on 11 February, 2010 - 08:51
MeeGo Software Architecture Overview
MeeGo系统架构总览

The MeeGo platform has been carefully created to provide the components necessary for the best device user experience. As shown in the MeeGo Reference Architecture Overview diagram below, the MeeGo architecture is divided into three layers:

 

MeeGo平台设计精巧. 它提供了一些必要的组件, 来帮助开发人员实现最佳的用户设备体验．　MeeGo平台架构主要包括三部分（见下图）

The MeeGo OS Base layer contains the Linux kernel and core services along with the Hardware Adaptation Software required to adapt MeeGo to support various hardware architectures.
          OS层. 这一层主要由linux内核, 核心服务组件以及支持不同硬件架构的硬件自适应层组成.

The MeeGo OS Middleware layer provides a hardware and usage model independent API for building both native applications and web run time applications.   
         中间层. 这一层提供一些独立于硬件和使用模式的API，让开发人员可以创建原生应用和web运行时应用

The MeeGo User Experience layer provides reference user experiences for multiple platform segments; the initial MeeGo release will contain reference user experiences for handhelds and netbooks and additional platform segments will be supported over time.
         用户体验层. 这一层为不同应用平台（上网本，手持设备等等）提供参考性质的用户体验组件(UX)。　MeeGo的“处女”版将会包括上网本，手持设备和其它一些应用平台参照ＵＸ组件。

 

 

Each of the subsystems and functional blocks are described in the following sections.

 

相关子系统和功能块介绍

MeeGo OS Base
MeeGo OS层

Hardware Adaptation Software
硬件自适应层
 

There are multiple software components that a hardware vendor must provide for MeeGo to run successfully on their platform architecture, including platform kernel drivers, core architecture additions, kernel configuration, X software additions and configuration, modem support, and hardware specific media components. You can learn more about the hardware enabling process here. These specific software components are called the hardware adaptation software and are detailed below.

 

硬件制造商如果要支持MeeGo，它们的平台就必须提供一些软件接口，包括：平台核心驱动，平台关键组件，核心配置管理组件，Ｘ相应组件和配置工具，“猫”驱动，以及硬件相关的多媒体组件。关于硬件相关支持信息，请见这儿(http://meego.com/developers/hardware-enabling-process). 这些组件，我们称之为硬件自适层，详情如下

Kernel
内核
The kernel is the heart of Linux, and acts as the bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level. There are three general categories of additions that MeeGo requires for each supported hardware platform.

 

内核是linux的心脏，它是沟通具体应用和实际处理数据的硬件层之间的桥梁．支持MeeGo的硬件平台需要提供三类相关组件

Kernel Drivers: This is the set of software drivers needed to interact with the hardware device. Some examples are drivers for wireless, camera, USB, 3G, Bluetooth, and touchscreen.
      核心驱动，这是一些和硬件交互的驱动软件．例如，无线设备驱动，摄像机(视频)驱动，ＵＳＢ／３G／蓝牙驱动，触摸屏驱动等．

Core Architecture Additions: These are additional packages added to the Kernel to enable certain architecture features. An example would be firmware.   
     平台关键组件，这是一些额外的软件包，可将它们添加到内核中以支持硬件相关的功能，例如，固件

Kernel Configuration File: This file determines the options needed to get the hardware device working properly. This configuration file is in addition to the general kernel configuration file that is provided within MeeGo, and is specific to the hardware vendor platform. This file details the specific configurations required for the specific device. Examples include device architecture, processor type, device driver configuration options, network support, and kernel debugging options.
　核心配置文件：　这个文件包含一些让硬件正常工作所需的选项参数．它是MeeGo通用内核配置文件的组成部分，但它是和硬件平台相关的（由硬件制造商提供）．这个文件详述了硬件平台上每个特定设备的相关配置信息．其内容包括设备架构，处理器类型，设备驱动配置选项，网络支持情况，以及内核调试选项等信息．

X Window System
X视窗系统

The X Window System (also known as X11 or simply X) provides the graphical interface and the basic framework for building this interface. There are two general categories of X additions that MeeGo requires for each supported hardware platform.

X视窗系统（也叫着X11，简称为Ｘ系统）提供一些图形接口和创建图形接口的框架。

Core Architecture Additions: These are additional packages to be added to X to enable certain architecture features. Examples include the graphics controller, display, and acceleration.
　　　

X Configuration file: This file provides configuration and runtime parameters for initializing the X windows system. If there are hardware-specific configuration options required for the X windows system, these details must be added and supplied to the specific hardware platform X configuration file. Examples include the display output and resolution.
Miscellaneous
Bootloader: The bootloader program's only job is to perform the necessary initializations to prepare the hardware for the operating system, and it contains board- and/or processor-specific code. The bootloader provides the necessary glue between the firmware and the kernel.
Image Device Format Tool: This provides the details on how to write an image for a specific device. It is a tool used to create a device executable in the appropriate device format.
Modem Support: telephony framework plug-ins for specific cellular modems
Hardware-Specific Media Codecs: Codecs that are hardware specific (such as codecs with hardware assist/offload)
MeeGo Kernel
MeeGo uses a Linux kernel from kernel.org, with architecture specific configuration and patches (as needed). Drivers are provided for each supported platform.

MeeGo OS Middleware
Comms Services
The Comms Services enable managing voice and data connectivity for the platform. Functionalities are provided to manage cellular and IP voice and data connectivity across a range of communications technologies, including WiFi, 3G, WiMax, and Bluetooth.

Connection Management (ConnMan)
Telephony APIs (oFono)
IP, VOIP, IM, Pres (Telepathy)
Bluetooth (bluez)
Internet Services
The Internet Services enable rendering web content, providing web run time support, exchanging data with web services, and determining location.

Layout Engine (WebKit)
Web Runtime (WebKit)
Web Services (libSocialWeb)
Location (GeoClue)
Visual Services
The Visual Services enable the core 2D and 3D graphics capabilities for the platform, including support for rendering internationalized text and taking advantage of underlying hardware platform acceleration for graphics.

3D Graphics (OpenGL / OpenGL ES)
2D Graphics (Cairo QPainter)
i18n Rendering (Pango, QtText)
X Window System
Media Services
The purpose of media services is to provide audio/video playback, streaming and imaging functionality to the system. In general, media services take care of the actual audio/video data handling (retrieval, demuxing, decoding and encoding, seeking, etc.).

Media Framework (GStreamer)
Camera (GStreamer plugin)
Codecs (GStreamer plugins)
Audio (PulseAudio)
UPnP (GUPnP)
Data Management
The Data Management subsystem provides services for extracting and managing file meta-data (for example to support extracting and searching metadata for media files), retrieving data about the device context (such as device position, cable status), and managing the set of installed packages on the device.

Content Framework (Tracker)
Context Framework (ContextKit)
Package Manager (PackageKit)
Device Services
The Device Services subsystem contains a set of services for managing device state, including everything that is needed to make a device safe to use for a consumer, and exchanging data with the device, sensor data extraction, overall system policy, device data synchronization, and device data backup and restore.

Personal Services
The Personal Services enable managing user data on the device, including personal information management (that is, calendar, contacts, tasks) and managing user accounts to enable single-sign-on for web services.

MeeGo Security Architecture
MeeGo uses a scalable security framework that provides security via role based access control that applies to a wide range of systems, from completely open systems to systems that need to be partially locked down. This is achieved by having a flexible and updatable policy that is enforced by key pieces in the software stack.

MeeGo Security is not part of MeeGo 1.0 release.

MeeGo API
The MeeGo API provides the interface for application development. The current release includes Qt 4.6.2. Additional features are under development. For more details, see the MeeGo API page.

Qt
Qt provides application developers with the functionality to build applications with state-of-the-art graphical user interfaces. Qt is fully object-oriented, easily extensible, and allows true component programming.

Component(s): QtGui, QtCore, QtDBus, QtMultimedia, QtNetwork, QtOpenGL, QtScript, QtSql, QtSvg, QtWebKit, QtXml, Qt3Support, QtDeclarative, QtHelp, QtScriptTools, QtTest, QtXmlPatterns

Dependencies: http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/requirements-x11.html

References: Qt 4.6.2 API Documentation

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