CountDownLatch :
一个同步辅助类,在完成一组正在其他线程中执行的操作之前,它允许一个或多个线程一直等待。
用给定的计数 初始化 CountDownLatch。由于调用了 countDown()
方法,所以在当前计数到达零之前,await
方法会一直受阻塞。之后,会释放所有等待的线程,await
的所有后续调用都将立即返回。这种现象只出现一次——计数无法被重置。
CountDownLatch 很适合用来将一个任务分为n个独立的部分,等这些部分都完成后继续接下来的任务,CountDownLatch 只能出发一次,计数值不能被重置。
CyclicBarrier:
一个同步辅助类,它允许一组线程互相等待,直到到达某个公共屏障点 (common barrier point)。在涉及一组固定大小的线程的程序中,这些线程必须不时地互相等待,此时 CyclicBarrier 很有用。因为该 barrier 在释放等待线程后可以重用,所以称它为循环 的 barrier。
CyclicBarrier可以多次重复使用
下面是两个例子,一个为基于CountDownLatch 的模拟项目,一个项目可以分为多个模块,只有但这些模块都完成后才可以继续下一步的工作。
一个为基于CyclicBarrier的接力赛模拟,有四个队员,当跑完后报出最终成绩。
Java代码 收藏代码
package com.woxiaoe.study.thread;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 模拟项目的开发,只有当每个模块都完成后,项目才完成
* 每个模块的用时不同
* @author 小e
*
* 2010-4-30 下午07:41:37
*/
class Module implements Runnable{
private CountDownLatch latch;
private String moduleName;
private int time;//用时
public Module(CountDownLatch latch, String moduleName,int time) {
super();
this.latch = latch;
this.moduleName = moduleName;
this.time = time;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
work();
latch.countDown();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void work() throws InterruptedException{
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(time);
System.out.println(moduleName + " 完成,耗时:" + time);
}
}
class Controller implements Runnable{
private CountDownLatch latch;
public Controller(CountDownLatch latch) {
super();
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
latch.await();
System.out.println("所有模块都完成,任务完成");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class Project {
static final int SIZE = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) {
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(SIZE);
Random r = new Random();
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Controller controller = new Controller(latch);
exec.execute(controller);
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++){
exec.execute(new Module(latch, "模块" + (i + 1), r.nextInt(2000)));
}
exec.shutdown();
}
}
Output:
模块4 完成,耗时:108
模块10 完成,耗时:123
模块7 完成,耗时:136
模块19 完成,耗时:235
模块5 完成,耗时:475
模块11 完成,耗时:653
模块1 完成,耗时:745
模块2 完成,耗时:826
模块20 完成,耗时:1030
模块16 完成,耗时:1151
模块3 完成,耗时:1204
模块15 完成,耗时:1219
模块13 完成,耗时:1274
模块17 完成,耗时:1337
模块8 完成,耗时:1366
模块6 完成,耗时:1491
模块14 完成,耗时:1739
模块18 完成,耗时:1766
模块12 完成,耗时:1883
模块9 完成,耗时:1951
所有模块都完成,任务完成
Java代码 收藏代码
package com.woxiaoe.study.thread;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 用java模拟4X100接力赛
* 当结束后 报成绩,应用CyclicBarrier
* @author 小e
*
* 2010-4-30 下午08:13:40
*/
class Player implements Runnable{
private String name;
private CyclicBarrier barrier;
private Player next;//下一棒
private int time;//用时
private boolean run;//第一棒
public Player(String name, CyclicBarrier barrier, boolean run) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.barrier = barrier;
this.run = run;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
synchronized (this) {
while(!run){//等待队员
wait();
}
}
Random r = new Random();
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(r.nextInt(2000));
next(next,11 + r.nextInt(2));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void next(Player next, int time) {
System.out.println(name + " 用时:" + time + ",交接棒");
if(next != null){
next.setTime(this.time + time);
synchronized (next) {
next.setRun(true);
next.notify();
}
}else{
System.out.println("跑完,总用时:" + (this.time + time));
}
}
public void setTime(int time) {
this.time = time;
}
public int getTime(){
return this.time;
}
public void setNext(Player next) {
this.next = next;
}
public void setRun(boolean run) {
this.run = run;
}
}
public class RelayRace {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Player[] players = new Player[4];
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(4, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("结束,总用时:" + players[3].getTime());
}
});
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
players[i] = new Player("队员" + ( i + 1), barrier, i == 0);
}
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
if( i < 3){
players[i].setNext(players[i + 1]);
exec.execute(players[i]);
}else{
exec.execute(players[3]);
break;
}
}
/*TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
* CyclicBarrier 可以重用
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
if( i < 3){
players[i].setNext(players[i + 1]);
exec.execute(players[i]);
}else{
exec.execute(players[3]);
break;
}
}*/
}
}
Output:
队员1 用时:11,交接棒
队员2 用时:11,交接棒
队员3 用时:11,交接棒
队员4 用时:12,交接棒
跑完,总用时:45