DownloadManager学习笔记

DownloadManager从android2.3开始添加到sdk里面，当时用户要求minSdkVersion=8，没有考虑使用。现在minSdkVersion=11了，应该好好研究一下，尝试这个改善一下APP的下载服务了。作为一个初学者，没有那么多理论讲解，这里通过几个小例子来探究DownloadManager的使用方式！

1.下载&&展示网络图片

1.调用DownloadManager.enque(request),即可开始下载
2.注册广播监听图片下载完成
3.展示图片

package com.hang.downloadmanagerdemo;

import android.app.DownloadManager;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final String URL_IMAGE = "https://ss1.bdstatic.com/70cFuXSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=3741636297,2352266532&fm=116&gp=0.jpg";
    private long myDownloadReference;
    private DownloadManager downloadManager;
    private ImageView imageView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        imageView = new ImageView(this);
        setContentView(imageView);
        //1.download a file
        String serviceNameInString = Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE;
        downloadManager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(serviceNameInString);
        Uri uri = Uri.parse(URL_IMAGE);
        DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(uri);
        //设置下载的网络连接方式 1.明确指定下载时的网络类型
        //only mobile network download
//        request.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_MOBILE);
        // only wifi download
//        request.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_WIFI);
        //设置是否允许，在移动网络漫游时进行下载
        request.setAllowedOverRoaming(true);
        //设置下载的网络连接方式 2.api11引入，让系统自动判断下载的网络连接方式
        downloadManager.getRecommendedMaxBytesOverMobile(this);

//默认情况下，下载的内容会保存在共享下载缓存中&&使用系统自定的文件名，可以通过如下方式进行修改
  //define download file sd location&&file name
        File destFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "test.png");
        if (destFile.exists()) {
            destFile.delete();
        }
        //be careful add file:// prefix && apply read&&write external storage permission
        request.setDestinationUri(Uri.parse("file://" + destFile.getAbsolutePath()));
        applyPermission();
          //使图库APP，可以扫描到他，这里还要注意一点，不要放到APP的私有路径下
        request.setVisibleInDownloadsUi(true);

//不想在通知栏显示下载，可以按照如下方式隐藏通知栏
  //download without notification (be careful about permission——DOWNLOAD_WITHOUT_NOTIFICATION)
        request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_HIDDEN);




//加入DownloadManager下载队列，开始下载图片
        myDownloadReference = downloadManager.enqueue(request);


    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        //2.通过注册广播，监听DownloadManager下载行为的变化
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE);
        registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
    }

    BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            long downloadCompleteReference = intent.getLongExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
            if (myDownloadReference == downloadCompleteReference) {
                //3.下载完成，加载图片
                try {
                    ParcelFileDescriptor parcelFileDescriptor = downloadManager.openDownloadedFile(myDownloadReference);
                    Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(parcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor());
                    imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    System.out.println();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    };
}

2.监听下载进度

1.需要一个ContentObserver

    public class DownloadObserver extends ContentObserver {
        private long downid;
        private Handler handler;
        private Context context;

        public DownloadObserver(Handler handler, Context context, long downid) {
            super(handler);
            this.handler = handler;
            this.downid = downid;
            this.context = context;
        }

        @Override
        public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
            //每当/data/data/com.android.providers.download/database/database.db变化后，触发onCHANGE，开始具体查询
            Log.w("onChangeID", String.valueOf(downid));
            super.onChange(selfChange);
            //实例化查询类，这里需要一个刚刚的downid
            DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query().setFilterById(downid);
            DownloadManager downloadManager = (DownloadManager) context.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
            //这个就是数据库查询啦
            Cursor cursor = downloadManager.query(query);
            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                int mDownload_so_far = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(DownloadManager.COLUMN_BYTES_DOWNLOADED_SO_FAR));
                int mDownload_all = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TOTAL_SIZE_BYTES));
                int mProgress = (mDownload_so_far * 99) / mDownload_all;
                Log.w(getClass().getSimpleName(), String.valueOf(mProgress));
                handler.sendEmptyMessage(mProgress);
            }
        }
    }

2.监听变化

    getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(Uri.parse("content://downloads/"),
                true, new DownloadObserver(handler, MainActivity.this, downloadid));

这样就可以监听DownloadManager的下载进度了。
参考地址：
http://blog.csdn.net/qw3752258/article/details/39134749

APP私有路径

  String externalFileString = this.getExternalFilesDir("").getAbsolutePath();
        Log.d(TAG, "getExternalFilesDir: " + externalFileString);
        String eternalCacheString = this.getExternalCacheDir().getAbsolutePath();
        Log.d(TAG, "getExternalCacheDir: " + eternalCacheString);
        String filesString = this.getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath();
        Log.d(TAG, "getFilesDir: " + filesString);
        String cacheString = this.getCacheDir().getAbsolutePath();
        Log.d(TAG, "getCacheDir: " + cacheString);

 D MainActivity: getExternalFilesDir: /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.hang.downloadmanagerdemo/files

 D MainActivity: getExternalCacheDir: /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.hang.downloadmanagerdemo/cache

 D MainActivity: getFilesDir: /data/user/0/com.hang.downloadmanagerdemo/files
 D MainActivity: getCacheDir: /data/user/0/com.hang.downloadmanagerdemo/cache

this.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)
//路径为：/sdcard/Android/data/packageName/files/Pictures

Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
//路径为：/sdcard/Pictures

查询下载结果

除了上面，查询下载结果的方法，还可以这样做：

   DownloadManager.Query myQuery = new DownloadManager.Query();
                myQuery.setFilterById(myDownloadReference);

                Cursor myDownload = downloadManager.query(myQuery);

                if (myDownload.moveToFirst()) {
                                //获取文件名&&下载到的本地路径对应的key

                   int fileNameIdx = myDownload.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_FILENAME);
                int fileUriIdx = myDownload.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_URI);
                                //获取文件名&&下载到的本地路径

                    String fileName = myDownload.getString(fileNameIdx);
                    String fileUri = myDownload.getString(fileUriIdx);
                    Log.d(TAG, fileName);
                    Log.d(TAG, fileUri);
                    String filePath = fileUri.substring("file://".length());
                    imageView.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath));
                }
                myDownload.close();

还可以通过

myQuery.setFilterById(DownloadManager.STATUS_PAUSED);

查询暂停下载的文件，设置可以分析一下原因哦

获取文件下载暂停的原因

1.下载文件，这里故意制造一个小问题，我们偏偏使用4g网络

  //设置条件为，仅仅在wifi下下载
        downloadManager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
        request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(URL_IMAGE0));
        request.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_WIFI);
        myDownloadReference = downloadManager.enqueue(request);

2.对文件没有下载的原因进行分析

       //获取下载暂停的原因
                DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query();
// 注意，使用DownloadManager.STATUS_PAUSED字段进行过滤时，无效              query.setFilterById(DownloadManager.STATUS_PAUSED);
                query.setFilterById(myDownloadReference);
                Cursor myDownload = downloadManager.query(query);
                while (myDownload.moveToNext()) {
                    int failReasonIdIndix = myDownload.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_REASON);
                    int titleIdIndex = myDownload.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TITLE);
                    int downloadedIdIndex = myDownload.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_BYTES_DOWNLOADED_SO_FAR);
                    int totalIdIndex = myDownload.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TOTAL_SIZE_BYTES);
                    int failReason = myDownload.getInt(failReasonIdIndix);
                    String titleSting = myDownload.getString(titleIdIndex);
                    int downloadedSize = myDownload.getInt(downloadedIdIndex);
                    int totalSize = myDownload.getInt(totalIdIndex);
                    Log.d(TAG, "" + failReason);
                    Log.d(TAG, titleSting);
                    Log.d(TAG, "" + downloadedSize);
                    Log.d(TAG, "" + totalSize);
                    switch (failReason) {
                        case DownloadManager.PAUSED_WAITING_FOR_NETWORK:
                            Log.d(TAG, "reason wait for connectivity");
                            break;
                        case DownloadManager.PAUSED_QUEUED_FOR_WIFI:
                            Log.d(TAG, "reason  wait for wifi");
                            break;
                        case DownloadManager.PAUSED_WAITING_TO_RETRY:

                            Log.d(TAG, "reason wait for retry");
                    }
                }
            }

ok！