Process学习

每个进程在AMS侧对应有一个ProcessRecord。这些ProcessRecord是通过ProcessMap来管理的。

第一部分：进程启动

进程的启动的入口函数是AMS.startProcessLocked(String processName, ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags,String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName, boolean allowWhileBooting,boolean isolated, boolean keepIfLarge)。在前面的文章中知道，当启动Activity、Service、getContentProvider时如果目标进程未启动，那么就需要调用startProcessLocked()来启动目标进程。

step 1、AMS.startProcessLocked()

  final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName,
            ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags,
            String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName, boolean allowWhileBooting,
            boolean isolated, boolean keepIfLarge) {
        ProcessRecord app;
        if (!isolated) {
            app = getProcessRecordLocked(processName, info.uid, keepIfLarge);    //①获取进程记录块
        } else {
            // If this is an isolated process, it can't re-use an existing process.
            app = null;
        }
        …………
        if (app == null) {
            app = newProcessRecordLocked(info, processName, isolated);      //②创建一个ProcessRecord进程记录块，并保存在mProcessNames中
            if (app == null) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "Failed making new process record for "
                        + processName + "/" + info.uid + " isolated=" + isolated);
                return null;
            }
            mProcessNames.put(processName, app.uid, app);
            if (isolated) {
                mIsolatedProcesses.put(app.uid, app);
            }
        } else {
            // If this is a new package in the process, add the package to the list
            app.addPackage(info.packageName, mProcessStats);
        }
        ……………
        startProcessLocked(app, hostingType, hostingNameStr);       //③真正进程启动函数
        return (app.pid != 0) ? app : null;
    }

接着分析startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, String hostingType, String hostingNameStr) 函数。

  private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app,
            String hostingType, String hostingNameStr) {
        if (app.pid > 0 && app.pid != MY_PID) {
            synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
                mPidsSelfLocked.remove(app.pid);
                mHandler.removeMessages(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG, app);
            }
            app.setPid(0);
        }

        if (DEBUG_PROCESSES && mProcessesOnHold.contains(app)) Slog.v(TAG,
                "startProcessLocked removing on hold: " + app);
        mProcessesOnHold.remove(app);      //①如果mProcessesOnHold中记录着正在启动的ProcessRecord，那么直接移除。

        updateCpuStats();        

        try {
            int uid = app.uid;

            int[] gids = null;
            int mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;
            if (!app.isolated) {
                int[] permGids = null;
                try {
                    final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
                    permGids = pm.getPackageGids(app.info.packageName);     //②获取Gid信息，在进程启动时使用

                    if (Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated()) {
                        if (pm.checkPermission(
                                android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_ALL_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                                app.info.packageName) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                            mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_MULTIUSER_ALL;
                        } else {
                            mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_MULTIUSER;
                        }
                    }
                } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
                    Slog.w(TAG, "Unable to retrieve gids", e);
                }

                /*
                 * Add shared application GID so applications can share some
                 * resources like shared libraries
                 */
                if (permGids == null) {
                    gids = new int[1];
                } else {
                    gids = new int[permGids.length + 1];
                    System.arraycopy(permGids, 0, gids, 1, permGids.length);
                }
                gids[0] = UserHandle.getSharedAppGid(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
            }
           
           …………

            // Start the process.  It will either succeed and return a result containing
            // the PID of the new process, or else throw a RuntimeException.
            Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start("android.app.ActivityThread", 
                    app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
                    app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, null);        //③启动进程（Process.start()）

            BatteryStatsImpl bs = mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics();
            synchronized (bs) {
                if (bs.isOnBattery()) {
                    bs.getProcessStatsLocked(app.uid, app.processName).incStartsLocked();
                }
            }

            if (app.persistent) {
                Watchdog.getInstance().processStarted(app.processName, startResult.pid);
            }

            app.setPid(startResult.pid);                             //④将进程启动返回的结果初始化ProcessRecord。
            app.usingWrapper = startResult.usingWrapper;
            app.removed = false;
            synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
                this.mPidsSelfLocked.put(startResult.pid, app);
                Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG);
                msg.obj = app;
                mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, startResult.usingWrapper
                        ? PROC_START_TIMEOUT_WITH_WRAPPER : PROC_START_TIMEOUT);
            }
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            // XXX do better error recovery.
            app.setPid(0);
            Slog.e(TAG, "Failure starting process " + app.processName, e);
        }
    }

step 2、Process.start()

  public static final ProcessStartResult start(final String processClass,
                                  final String niceName,
                                  int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
                                  int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                                  int targetSdkVersion,
                                  String seInfo,
                                  String[] zygoteArgs) {
        try {
            return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                    debugFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo, zygoteArgs);
        } catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
            Log.e(LOG_TAG,
                    "Starting VM process through Zygote failed");
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Starting VM process through Zygote failed", ex);
        }
    }

start函数直接调用Process.startViaZygote()-->zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult()，从名字可以看出，进程是从Zygote中孵化出来的。

step 3、zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult()

 private static ProcessStartResult zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(ArrayList<String> args)
            throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
        openZygoteSocketIfNeeded();

        try {
            /**
             * See com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.readArgumentList()
             * Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
             * a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
             * b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
             *
             * After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
             * the child or -1 on failure, followed by boolean to
             * indicate whether a wrapper process was used.
             */

            sZygoteWriter.write(Integer.toString(args.size()));
            sZygoteWriter.newLine();

            int sz = args.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
                String arg = args.get(i);
                if (arg.indexOf('\n') >= 0) {
                    throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(
                            "embedded newlines not allowed");
                }
                sZygoteWriter.write(arg);
                sZygoteWriter.newLine();
            }

            sZygoteWriter.flush();

            // Should there be a timeout on this?
            ProcessStartResult re