在VBA中使用Find方法
fanjy 发表于 2007-2-12 13:15:00
使用VBA在工作表或单元格区域中查找某项数据时,我们通常使用For…Next循环,这在小范围中使用还可以,但应用在大量数据中查找时,会耗费较多时间。
而在Excel工作表中,通常使用菜单“编辑>>查找”命令或按Ctrl+F组合键,在“查找和替换”对话框中来迅速查找所需的数据。在VBA中,我们也能使用这种方法,这在下面的内容中介绍。
为什么要使用Find方法呢?最主要的原因是查找的速度。如果要使用VBA代码在包含大量数据的单元格区域中查找某项数据,应该使用Find方法。
例如,在工作表Sheet1的单元格IV65536中输入fanjy,然后运行下面的代码:
Sub QuickSearch()
If Not Sheet1.Cells.Find("fanjy") Is Nothing Then MsgBox "已找到fanjy!"
End Sub
再试试下面的代码:
Sub SlowSearch()
Dim R As Range
For Each R In Sheet1.Cells
If R.Value = "fanjy" Then MsgBox "已找到fanjy!"
Next R
End Sub
比较一下两段代码的速度,可知第一段代码运行很快,而第二段代码却要执行相当长的一段时间。
关于Find方法的基本使用方法请见《 关于查找方法(Find方法)的应用》。下面介绍一些扩展Find方法的技术。
我们能够使用Find方法查找单元格区域的数据,但是没有一个方法能够返回一个Range对象,该对象引用了含有所查找数据的所有单元格,下面提供了一个FindAll函数来实现此功能。此外,Find方法的另一个不足之处是不支持通配符字符串,下面也提供了一个WildCardMatchCells函数,返回一个Range对象,引用了与所提供的通配符字符串相匹配的单元格。通配符字符串可以是有效使用在Like运算符中的任何字符串,关于Like运算符的介绍请见《 关于Like运算符的使用》一文。
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这个程序在参数SearchRange所代表的区域中查找所有含有参数FindWhat代表的值的单元格,SearchRange参数必须是一个单独的单元格区域对象,FindWhat参数是想要查找的值,其它参数是可选的且与Find方法的参数意思相同。
FindAll函数的代码如下:
Option Compare Text
Function FindAll(SearchRange As Range, FindWhat As Variant, _
Optional LookIn As XlFindLookIn = xlValues, Optional LookAt As XlLookAt = xlWhole, _
Optional SearchOrder As XlSearchOrder = xlByRows, _
Optional MatchCase As Boolean = False) As Range
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' 返回SearchRange区域中含有FindWhat所代表的值的所有单元格组成的Range对象
' 其参数与Find方法的参数相同
' 如果没有找到单元格,将返回Nothing.
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Dim FoundCell As Range
Dim FoundCells As Range
Dim LastCell As Range
Dim FirstAddr As String
With SearchRange
Set LastCell = .Cells(.Cells.Count)
End With
Set FoundCell = SearchRange.Find(what:=FindWhat, after:=LastCell, _
LookIn:=LookIn, LookAt:=LookAt, SearchOrder:=SearchOrder, MatchCase:=MatchCase)
If Not FoundCell Is Nothing Then
Set FoundCells = FoundCell
FirstAddr = FoundCell.Address
Do
Set FoundCells = Application.Union(FoundCells, FoundCell)
Set FoundCell = SearchRange.FindNext(after:=FoundCell)
Loop Until (FoundCell Is Nothing) Or (FoundCell.Address = FirstAddr)
End If
Set FindAll = Nothing
Else
Set FindAll = FoundCells
End If
End Function
使用上面代码的示例:
Sub TestFindAll()
Dim SearchRange As Range
Dim FoundCells As Range
Dim FoundCell As Range
Dim FindWhat As Variant
Dim MatchCase As Boolean
Dim LookIn As XlFindLookIn
Dim LookAt As XlLookAt
Dim SearchOrder As XlSearchOrder
Set SearchRange = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets(1).Range("A1:L20")
FindWhat = "A" '要查找的文本,可根据实际情况自定
LookIn = xlValues
LookAt = xlPart
SearchOrder = xlByRows
MatchCase = False
Set FoundCells = FindAll(SearchRange:=SearchRange, FindWhat:=FindWhat, _
LookIn:=LookIn, LookAt:=LookAt, SearchOrder:=SearchOrder, MatchCase:=MatchCase)
If FoundCells Is Nothing Then
Debug.Print "没有找到!"
Else
For Each FoundCell In FoundCells.Cells
Debug.Print FoundCell.Address, FoundCell.Text
Next FoundCell
End If
End Sub
上面的代码中,列出了查找区域中含有所要查找的数据的所有单元格的地址以及相应文本。不仅可以找出所有含有所查找数据的单元格地址,而且也可以对这些单元格进行一系列操作,如格式化、更改数据等。
WildCardMatchCells函数
这个程序查找参数SearchRange所代表的区域中所有单元格,使用Like运算符将它们的值与参数CompareLikeString所代表的值比较。参数SearchRange必须是一个单独的区域,参数CompareLikeString是想要比较的文本的格式。该函数使用单元格的Text属性而不是Value属性。可选参数SearchOrder和MatchCase与Find方法中的参数意义相同。
该函数返回一个Range对象,该对象包含对与参数CompareLikeString相匹配的所有单元格的引用。如果没有匹配的单元格,则返回Nothing。
因为Find方法不支持通配符,程序将循环所有的单元格,因此对于包含大量数据的区域,执行时间可能是一个问题。并且,如果参数MatchCase为False或忽略该参数,文本在程序中必须被转换成大写,以便于查找时不区分大小写(即“A”=“a”),因此,此时程序运行将更慢。
WildCardMatchCells函数的代码如下:
Function WildCardMatchCells(SearchRange As Range, CompareLikeString As String, _
Optional SearchOrder As XlSearchOrder = xlByRows, _
Optional MatchCase As Boolean = False) As Range
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' 本程序返回文本值与通配符字符串相匹配的单元格引用
' 返回SearchRange区域中所有相匹配的单元格
' 匹配的条件是参数CompareLikeString
' 使用了VBA中的LIKE运算符
' 如果没有相匹配的单元格或指定了一个无效的参数,则返回Nothing.
'
' 参数SearchOrder指定查找的方向;逐行还是逐列(SearchOrder:=xlByRows或SearchOrder:=xlByColumns
' 参数MatchCase指定是否区分大小写(MatchCase:=True, "A" <> "a")或(MatchCase:=False,"A" = "a").
'
' 不需要在模块顶指定"Option Compare Text",如果指定的话,将不会正确执行大小写比较
'
' 执行单元格中的Text属性比较,而不是Value属性比较
' 因此,仅比较显示在屏幕中的文本,而不是隐藏在单元格中具体的值
'
' 如果参数SearchRange是nothing或多个区域,则返回Nothing.
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Dim FoundCells As Range
Dim FirstCell As Range
Dim LastCell As Range
Dim RowNdx As Long
Dim ColNdx As Long
Dim StartRow As Long
Dim EndRow As Long
Dim StartCol As Long
Dim EndCol As Long
Dim WS As Worksheet
Dim Rng As Range
' 确保参数SearchRange不是Nothing且是一个单独的区域
If SearchRange Is Nothing Then
Exit Function
End If
If SearchRange.Areas.Count > 1 Then
Exit Function
End If
With SearchRange
Set WS = .Worksheet
Set FirstCell = .Cells(1)
Set LastCell = .Cells(.Cells.Count)
End With
StartRow = FirstCell.Row
StartCol = FirstCell.Column
EndRow = LastCell.Row
EndCol = LastCell.Column
If SearchOrder = xlByRows Then
With WS
For RowNdx = StartRow To EndRow
For ColNdx = StartCol To EndCol
Set Rng = .Cells(RowNdx, ColNdx)
If MatchCase = False Then
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'如果参数MatchCase是False,则将字符串转换成大写
'执行忽略大小写的比较
'因此,MatchCase:=False比MatchCase:=True更慢
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
If UCase(Rng.Text) Like UCase(CompareLikeString) Then
If FoundCells Is Nothing Then
Set FoundCells = Rng
Else
Set FoundCells = Application.Union(FoundCells, Rng)
End If
End If
Else
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' MatchCase为真,不需要再进行大小写转换,因此更快些
' 这也是不需要在模块中指定"Option Compare Text"的原因
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
If Rng.Text Like CompareLikeString Then
If FoundCells Is Nothing Then
Set FoundCells = Rng
Else
Set FoundCells = Application.Union(FoundCells, Rng)
End If
End If
End If
Next ColNdx
Next RowNdx
End With
Else
With WS
For ColNdx = StartCol To EndCol
For RowNdx = StartRow To EndRow
Set Rng = .Cells(RowNdx, ColNdx)
If MatchCase = False Then
If UCase(Rng.Text) Like UCase(CompareLikeString) Then
If FoundCells Is Nothing Then
Set FoundCells = Rng
Else
Set FoundCells = Application.Union(FoundCells, Rng)
End If
End If
Else
If Rng.Text Like CompareLikeString Then
If FoundCells Is Nothing Then
Set FoundCells = Rng
Else
Set FoundCells = Application.Union(FoundCells, Rng)
End If
End If
End If
Next RowNdx
Next ColNdx
End With
End If
Set WildCardMatchCells = Nothing
Else
Set WildCardMatchCells = FoundCells
End If
End Function
使用上面代码的示例:
Sub TestWildCardMatchCells()
Dim SearchRange As Range
Dim FoundCells As Range
Dim FoundCell As Range
Dim CompareLikeString As String
Dim SearchOrder As XlSearchOrder
Dim MatchCase As Boolean
Set SearchRange = Range("A1:IV65000")
CompareLikeString = "A?C*"
SearchOrder = xlByRows
MatchCase = True
Set FoundCells = WildCardMatchCells(SearchRange:=SearchRange, CompareLikeString:=CompareLikeString, _
SearchOrder:=SearchOrder, MatchCase:=MatchCase)
If FoundCells Is Nothing Then
Debug.Print "没有找到!"
Else
For Each FoundCell In FoundCells
Debug.Print FoundCell.Address, FoundCell.Text
Next FoundCell
End If
End Sub
这样,在找到所需单元格后,就可以对这些单元格进行操作了。
分类: ExcelVBA >>ExcelVBA对象模型编程>>常用对象>>Range对象
By fanjy in 2007-2-11