对于国内面试中经常问“
StringBuffer和StringBuilder有何区别”,知乎上曾有一番讨论。
我以为,好的面试官可以在这个问题上直接进一步,“你不知道这两个的区别没关系,我可以告诉你,我们聊聊短生命周期对象管理和线程安全性吧。”所以取而代之的这样的一个问题就更有意义了:请写一个程序来验证StringBuffer和StringBuilder的线程安全性。
线程安全性是指,当对一个复杂对象进行某种操作时,从操作开始到操作结束之前,该对象会经历若干中间状态,直到操作完全结束,该对象才会会到完全可用的状态。如果其他线程能够访问处于不可用中间状态的对象,使该对象产生无法预料的结果,则称该对象线程不安全,反之则称其为线程安全。
所以这个简单程序的考察点:
- 线程安全性的理解
- Java并发编程基础
- 主动思考和分析能力,以及去求证的主动性,而不是被动接受各种结论
示例程序如下:
- public class StringBufferAndStringBuilderTest {
- private static final int THREAD_NUM = 1000;
- public static void main(String[] args){
- long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- String strToReverse = "AAAABBBB";
- StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(strToReverse);
- StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(strToReverse);
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(THREAD_NUM);
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch2 = new CountDownLatch(THREAD_NUM);
- for(int i=0; i<THREAD_NUM; i++) {
- new StringBufferTaskThread(stringBuilder, countDownLatch).start();
- new StringBufferTaskThread(stringBuffer, countDownLatch2).start();
- }
- try {
- countDownLatch.await();
- countDownLatch2.await();
- System.out.println("StringBuffer toString: " + stringBuffer.toString());
- System.out.println("StringBuilder toString: " + stringBuilder.toString());
- long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println("Running time: " + (endTime-startTime));
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- class StringBufferTaskThread extends Thread {
- private static final String STARTER = "-start";
- private static final String ENDER = "-end";
- private Object s = null;
- private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; // 记载运行线程数
- public StringBufferTaskThread(StringBuilder stringBuilder, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
- super();
- this.s = stringBuilder;
- this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
- }
- public StringBufferTaskThread(StringBuffer stringBuffer, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
- super();
- this.s = stringBuffer;
- this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + STARTER);
- for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {
- try {
- Thread.sleep(200);
- if(s instanceof StringBuffer){
- ((StringBuffer) s).reverse();
- System.out.println("Buffer->"+s.toString());
- }else if(s instanceof StringBuilder){
- ((StringBuilder) s).reverse();
- System.out.println("Builder->"+s.toString());
- }
- Thread.sleep(200);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ENDER);
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- }
- }
- 基于初始字符串“AAAABBBB”分别构建StringBuffer和StringBuilder对象
- 分别启动1000个线程,调用StringBuffer和StringBuilder的reverse方法,进行字符串反转
- 所有线程执行完后打印结果,由于反转偶数次,线程安全的对象输出应与初始值相同,线程不安全的对象则可能产生乱序
输出:
- Thread-0-start
- Thread-1-start
- Thread-2-start
- Thread-3-start
- Thread-4-start
- Thread-5-start
- Thread-6-start
- Thread-7-start
- ....
- Thread-368-end
- Thread-1809-end
- Thread-1609-end
- Thread-1810-end
- Thread-1608-end
- Thread-1702-end
- Thread-1527-end
- StringBuffer toString: AAAABBBB
- StringBuilder toString: ABBBBBAB
- Running time: 7523