转自:http://blog.csdn.net/linleiqin/article/details/5639910
1.burnside定理,polya计数法
这个大家可以看brudildi的《组合数学》,那本书的这一章写的很详细也很容易理解。最好能完全看懂了,理解了再去做题,不要只记个公式。
*简单题:(直接用套公式就可以了)
pku2409 Let it Bead
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2409
pku2154 Color
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2154
pku1286 Necklace of Beads
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1286
*强烈推荐:(这题很不错哦,很巧妙)
pku2888 Magic Bracelet
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2888
2.置换,置换的运算
置换的概念还是比较好理解的,《组合数学》里面有讲。对于置换的幂运算大家可以参考一下潘震皓的那篇《置换群快速幂运算研究与探讨》,写的很好。
*简单题:(应该理解概念就可以了)
pku3270 Cow Sorting
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3270
pku1026 Cipher
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1026
*置换幂运算:
pku1721 CARDS
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1721
pku3128 Leonardo's Notebook
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3128
*推荐:(不错的应用)
pku3590 The shuffle Problem
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3590
3.素数,整数分解,欧拉函数
素数是可能数论里最永恒,最经典的问题了(我们的队名就叫PrimeMusic^-^)。素数的判断,筛法求素数,大素数的判断···还有很多其他问题都会用到素数。
*最水最水的:(心情不爽时用来解闷吧)
pku1365 Prime Land
pku2034 Anti-prime Sequences
pku2739 Sum of Consecutive Prime Numbers
pku3518 Prime Gap
pku3126 Prime Path
pku1595 Prime Cuts
pku3641 Pseudoprime numbers
pku2191 Mersenne Composite Numbers
pku1730 Perfect Pth Powers
pku2262 Goldbach's Conjecture
pku2909 Goldbach's Conjecture
*筛法:
pku2689 Prime Distance(很好的一个应用)
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2689
*反素数:
zoj2562 More Divisors
http://acm.zju.edu.cn/onlinejudge/showProblem.do?problemCode=2562
*素数判断,整数分解:
这两题都要用到miller_rabin的素数判断和pollard_rho的整数分解,算法书上都会有,应该是属于模板题吧,不过最好看懂自己敲一遍。
pku1811 Prime Test
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1811
pku2429 GCD & LCM Inverse
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2429
*欧拉函数:
数论里很多地方都能用到欧拉函数,很重要的。
pku1284 Primitive Roots (很水)
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1284
pku2407 Relatives (很水)
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2407
pku2773 Happy 2006
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2773
pku2478 Farey Sequence (快速求欧拉函数)
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2478
pku3090 Visible Lattice Points (法雷级数)
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3090
*推荐:(欧拉函数,费马小定理)
pku3358 Period of an Infinite Binary Expansion
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3358
*整数分解
这个也很重要的耶,包括大数的表示方法。
pku2992 Divisors
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2992
fzu1753 Another Easy Problem
http://acm.fzu.edu.cn/problem.php?pid=1753
hit2813 Garden visiting
http://acm-hit.sunner.cn/judge/show.php?Proid=2813
pku3101 Astronomy (分数的最小公倍数)
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3101
4.扩展欧几里得,线性同余,中国剩余定理
这应该是数论里比较重要的一个部分吧,这类的题目也挺多,具体的内容最好先看看数论书,我也整理过一些,可以参考参考:
http://hi.baidu.com/%B1%BF%D0%A1%BA%A2%5Fshw/blog/item/0676025d56a87d4afbf2c093.html
*简单题:
pku1006 Biorhythms
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1006
pku1061 青蛙的约会
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1061
pku2891 Strange Way to Express Integers
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2891
pku2115 C Looooops
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2115
pku2142 The Balance
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2142
*强烈推荐:
sgu106 The equation
http://acm.sgu.ru/problem.php?contest=0&problem=106
pku3708 Recurrent Function (经典)
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3708
5.约瑟夫环问题
这个问题还是比较有意思的,不是很难。
*简单题:
pku3517 And Then There Was One
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3517
pku1781 In Danger
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1781
pku1012 Joseph
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1012
pku2244 Eeny Meeny Moo
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2244
*推荐:
pku2886 Who Gets the Most Candies?
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2886
6.高斯消元法解方程
其实解方程并不是很难,就是按线性代数中学的那种方法,把系数矩阵化成上三角矩阵或数量矩阵,不过有些题目要判断是否有解,或枚举所有解。不过这类题目我认为比较难的还是怎么去建立这个方程组,这个理解了,就没什么大问题了。
*简单题:
pku1222 EXTENDED LIGHTS OUT
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1222
pku1681 Painter's Problem
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1681
pku1830 开关问题
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1830
*推荐:
pku2947 Widget Factory
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2947
pku2065 SETI
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2065
*强烈推荐:
pku1753 Flip Game
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1753
pku3185 The Water Bowls
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3185
*变态题:
pku1487 Single-Player Games
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1487
7.矩阵
用矩阵来解决问题确实很常见,但我现在用到还不是很好,很多难题我还不会做。建议大家可以去看Matrix67的那篇关于矩阵的十个问题,确实很经典,但不太好看懂。
*简单:
pku3070 Fibonacci
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3070
pku3233 Matrix Power Series
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3233
pku3735 Training little cats
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3735
8.高次同余方程
有关这个问题我应该是没什么发言权了,A^B%C=D,我现在只会求D和B,唉,很想知道A该怎么求。就先推荐几道题目吧,这里涉及到了一个baby-step,giant-step算法。
fzu1759 Super A^B mod C
http://acm.fzu.edu.cn/problem.php?pid=1759
pku3243 Clever Y
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3243
pku2417 Discrete Logging
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2417
hdu2815 Mod Tree
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=2815
9.容斥原理,鸽巢原理
很有用的两个定理,但好像单独考这两个定理的不是很多。
*鸽巢原理:
pku2365 Find a multiple
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2356
pku3370 Halloween treats
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3370
*容斥原理:
hdu1695 GCD
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1695
hdu2461 Rectangles
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=2461
10.找规律,推公式
这类题目的设计一般都非常巧妙,真的是很难想出来,但只要找到规律或推出公式,就不是很难了。我很多都是在参考别人思路的情况下做的,能自己想出来真的很不容易。
*个人感觉都挺不错的:
pku3372 Candy Distribution
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3372
pku3244 Difference between Triplets
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3244
pku1809 Regetni
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1809
pku1831 不定方程组
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1831
pku1737 Connected Graph
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1737
pku2480 Longge's problem
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2480
pku1792 Hexagonal Routes
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1792
11.排列组合,区间计数,计数序列
这些题目可能需要一些组合数学知识,基本上高中的知识就够了。区间计数问题一般不难,但写的时候需要仔细一些,各种情况要考虑到位。至于像卡特兰数,差分序列,斯特灵数···都还挺有意思,可以去看看《组合数学》。
*简单题:
pku1850 Code
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1850
pku1150 The Last Non-zero Digit
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1150
pku1715 Hexadecimal Numbers
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1715
pku2282 The Counting Problem
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2282
pku3286 How many 0's?
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3286
*推荐:
pku3252 Round Numbers
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3252
*计数序列:
pku1430 Binary Stirling Numbers
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1430
pku2515 Birthday Cake
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2515
pku1707 Sum of powers
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1707
12.二分法
二分的思想还是很重要的,这里就简单推荐几个纯粹的二分题。
*简单:
pku3273 Monthly Expense
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3273
pku3258 River Hopscotch
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3258
pku1905 Expanding Rods
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1905
pku3122 Pie
http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3122
*推荐:
pku1845 Sumdiv
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1845
13.稳定婚姻问题
无意中接触到这个算法,还蛮有意思的,《组合数学》中有详细的介绍。
pku3487 The Stable Marriage Problem
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3487
zoj1576 Marriage is Stable
http://acm.zju.edu.cn/onlinejudge/showProblem.do?problemCode=1576
14.数位类统计问题
在航点月赛中第一次接触到这类问题,scau大牛little龙推荐我看了一篇论文,09年刘聪的《浅谈数位类统计问题》,这篇论文相当精彩,也相当详细,每道题都有详细的分析和作者的参考代码。所以我也没什么可说的了,这些题的代码我博客里也就不贴了,大家直接去看论文吧。
简单:
ural1057 Amount of degrees
http://acm.timus.ru/problem.aspx?space=1&num=1057
spoj1182 Sorted bit squence
https://www.spoj.pl/problems/SORTBIT/
hdu3271 SNIBB
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=3271
较难:
spoj2319 Sequence
https://www.spoj.pl/problems/BIGSEQ/
sgu390 Tickets
http://acm.sgu.ru/problem.php?contest=0&problem=390
以上分类的题目在我的博客里都可以找到详细的解题报告和参考代码,由于比较麻烦就没加链接,需要的可以用我的站内搜索找到。
本小结会不断更新,转载请注明出处。
严重声明:本文只适合ACM初学者,路过的大牛如有相同类型的比较好的题目可以推荐一些啊。
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