我们的 loadClass 实现示例执行以下步骤。（这里，我们没有指定生成类文件是采用了哪种技术 -- 它可以是从 Net 上装入、或者从归档文件中提取、或者实时编译。无论是哪一种，那是种特殊的神奇方式，使我们获得了原始类文件字节。）

• 调用 findLoadedClass 来查看是否存在已装入的类。
  
  
• 如果没有，那么采用那种特殊的神奇方式来获取原始字节。
  
  
• 如果已有原始字节，调用 defineClass 将它们转换成 Class 对象。
  
  
• 如果没有原始字节，然后调用 findSystemClass 查看是否从本地文件系统获取类。
  
  
• 如果 resolve 参数是 true，那么调用 resolveClass 解析 Class 对象。
  
  
• 如果还没有类，返回 ClassNotFoundException。
  
  
• 否则，将类返回给调用程序。

ibm上的教程都很棒,但是要先注册个用户,然后才可以看:

https://www6.software.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/education/java/j-classloader/tutorial/j-classloader-1-1.shtml

// $Id$

import java.io.*;

/*

A CompilingClassLoader compiles your Java source on-the-fly.  It
checks for nonexistent .class files, or .class files that are older
than their corresponding source code.

*/

public class CompilingClassLoader extends ClassLoader
{
  // Given a filename, read the entirety of that file from disk
  // and return it as a byte array.
  private byte[] getBytes( String filename ) throws IOException {
    // Find out the length of the file
    File file = new File( filename );
    long len = file.length();

    // Create an array that's just the right size for the file's
    // contents
    byte raw[] = new byte[(int)len];

    // Open the file
    FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream( file );

    // Read all of it into the array; if we don't get all,
    // then it's an error.
    int r = fin.read( raw );
    if (r != len)
      throw new IOException( "Can't read all, "+r+" != "+len );

    // Don't forget to close the file!
    fin.close();

    // And finally return the file contents as an array
    return raw;
  }

  // Spawn a process to compile the java source code file
  // specified in the 'javaFile' parameter.  Return a true if
  // the compilation worked, false otherwise.
  private boolean compile( String javaFile ) throws IOException {
    // Let the user know what's going on
    System.out.println( "CCL: Compiling "+javaFile+"..." );

    // Start up the compiler
    Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "javac "+javaFile );

    // Wait for it to finish running
    try {
      p.waitFor();
    } catch( InterruptedException ie ) { System.out.println( ie ); }

    // Check the return code, in case of a compilation error
    int ret = p.exitValue();

    // Tell whether the compilation worked
    return ret==0;
  }

  // The heart of the ClassLoader -- automatically compile
  // source as necessary when looking for class files
  public Class loadClass( String name, boolean resolve )
      throws ClassNotFoundException {

    // Our goal is to get a Class object
    Class clas = null;

    // First, see if we've already dealt with this one
    clas = findLoadedClass( name );

    //System.out.println( "findLoadedClass: "+clas );

    // Create a pathname from the class name
    // E.g. java.lang.Object => java/lang/Object
    String fileStub = name.replace( '.', '/' );

    // Build objects pointing to the source code (.java) and object
    // code (.class)
    String javaFilename = fileStub+".java";
    String classFilename = fileStub+".class";

    File javaFile = new File( javaFilename );
    File classFile = new File( classFilename );

    //System.out.println( "j "+javaFile.lastModified()+" c "+
    //  classFile.lastModified() );

    // First, see if we want to try compiling.  We do if (a) there
    // is source code, and either (b0) there is no object code,
    // or (b1) there is object code, but it's older than the source
    if (javaFile.exists() &&
         (!classFile.exists() ||
          javaFile.lastModified() > classFile.lastModified())) {

      try {
        // Try to compile it.  If this doesn't work, then
        // we must declare failure.  (It's not good enough to use
        // and already-existing, but out-of-date, classfile)
        if (!compile( javaFilename ) || !classFile.exists()) {
          throw new ClassNotFoundException( "Compile failed: "+javaFilename );
        }
      } catch( IOException ie ) {

        // Another place where we might come to if we fail
        // to compile
        throw new ClassNotFoundException( ie.toString() );
      }
    }

    // Let's try to load up the raw bytes, assuming they were
    // properly compiled, or didn't need to be compiled
    try {

      // read the bytes
      byte raw[] = getBytes( classFilename );

      // try to turn them into a class
      clas = defineClass( name, raw, 0, raw.length );
    } catch( IOException ie ) {
      // This is not a failure!  If we reach here, it might
      // mean that we are dealing with a class in a library,
      // such as java.lang.Object
    }

    //System.out.println( "defineClass: "+clas );

    // Maybe the class is in a library -- try loading
    // the normal way
    if (clas==null) {
      clas = findSystemClass( name );
    }

    //System.out.println( "findSystemClass: "+clas );

    // Resolve the class, if any, but only if the "resolve"
    // flag is set to true
    if (resolve && clas != null)
      resolveClass( clas );

    // If we still don't have a class, it's an error
    if (clas == null)
      throw new ClassNotFoundException( name );

    // Otherwise, return the class
    return clas;
  }
}

Here is the source code for CompilingClassLoader.java

// $Id$

import java.io.*;

/*

A CompilingClassLoader compiles your Java source on-the-fly.  It
checks for nonexistent .class files, or .class files that are older
than their corresponding source code.

*/

public class CompilingClassLoader extends ClassLoader
{
  // Given a filename, read the entirety of that file from disk
  // and return it as a byte array.
  private byte[] getBytes( String filename ) throws IOException {
    // Find out the length of the file
    File file = new File( filename );
    long len = file.length();

    // Create an array that's just the right size for the file's
    // contents
    byte raw[] = new byte[(int)len];

    // Open the file
    FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream( file );

    // Read all of it into the array; if we don't get all,
    // then it's an error.
    int r = fin.read( raw );
    if (r != len)
      throw new IOException( "Can't read all, "+r+" != "+len );

    // Don't forget to close the file!
    fin.close();

    // And finally return the file contents as an array
    return raw;
  }

  // Spawn a process to compile the java source code file
  // specified in the 'javaFile' parameter.  Return a true if
  // the compilation worked, false otherwise.
  private boolean compile( String javaFile ) throws IOException {
    // Let the user know what's going on
    System.out.println( "CCL: Compiling "+javaFile+"..." );

    // Start up the compiler
    Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "javac "+javaFile );

    // Wait for it to finish running
    try {
      p.waitFor();
    } catch( InterruptedException ie ) { System.out.println( ie ); }

    // Check the return code, in case of a compilation error
    int ret = p.exitValue();

    // Tell whether the compilation worked
    return ret==0;
  }

  // The heart of the ClassLoader -- automatically compile
  // source as necessary when looking for class files
  public Class loadClass( String name, boolean resolve )
      throws ClassNotFoundException {

    // Our goal is to get a Class object
    Class clas = null;

    // First, see if we've already dealt with this one
    clas = findLoadedClass( name );

    //System.out.println( "findLoadedClass: "+clas );

    // Create a pathname from the class name
    // E.g. java.lang.Object => java/lang/Object
    String fileStub = name.replace( '.', '/' );

    // Build objects pointing to the source code (.java) and object
    // code (.class)
    String javaFilename = fileStub+".java";
    String classFilename = fileStub+".class";

    File javaFile = new File( javaFilename );
    File classFile = new File( classFilename );

    //System.out.println( "j "+javaFile.lastModified()+" c "+
    //  classFile.lastModified() );

    // First, see if we want to try compiling.  We do if (a) there
    // is source code, and either (b0) there is no object code,
    // or (b1) there is object code, but it's older than the source
    if (javaFile.exists() &&
         (!classFile.exists() ||
          javaFile.lastModified() > classFile.lastModified())) {

      try {
        // Try to compile it.  If this doesn't work, then
        // we must declare failure.  (It's not good enough to use
        // and already-existing, but out-of-date, classfile)
        if (!compile( javaFilename ) || !classFile.exists()) {
          throw new ClassNotFoundException( "Compile failed: "+javaFilename );
        }
      } catch( IOException ie ) {

        // Another place where we might come to if we fail
        // to compile
        throw new ClassNotFoundException( ie.toString() );
      }
    }

    // Let's try to load up the raw bytes, assuming they were
    // properly compiled, or didn't need to be compiled
    try {

      // read the bytes
      byte raw[] = getBytes( classFilename );

      // try to turn them into a class
      clas = defineClass( name, raw, 0, raw.length );
    } catch( IOException ie ) {
      // This is not a failure!  If we reach here, it might
      // mean that we are dealing with a class in a library,
      // such as java.lang.Object
    }

    //System.out.println( "defineClass: "+clas );

    // Maybe the class is in a library -- try loading
    // the normal way
    if (clas==null) {
      clas = findSystemClass( name );
    }

    //System.out.println( "findSystemClass: "+clas );

    // Resolve the class, if any, but only if the "resolve"
    // flag is set to true
    if (resolve && clas != null)
      resolveClass( clas );

    // If we still don't have a class, it's an error
    if (clas == null)
      throw new ClassNotFoundException( name );

    // Otherwise, return the class
    return clas;
  }
}

发表于 @ 2005年07月01日 11:28:00|评论(loading...)|编辑