--
行列转换 行转列
DROP TABLE t_change_lc;
CREATE TABLE t_change_lc (card_code VARCHAR2 ( 3 ), q NUMBER , bal NUMBER );
INSERT INTO t_change_lc
SELECT ' 001 ' card_code, ROWNUM q, trunc(dbms_random.VALUE * 100 ) bal FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 4
UNION
SELECT ' 002 ' card_code, ROWNUM q, trunc(dbms_random.VALUE * 100 ) bal FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 4 ;
SELECT * FROM t_change_lc;
SELECT a.card_code,
SUM (decode(a.q, 1 , a.bal, 0 )) q1,
SUM (decode(a.q, 2 , a.bal, 0 )) q2,
SUM (decode(a.q, 3 , a.bal, 0 )) q3,
SUM (decode(a.q, 4 , a.bal, 0 )) q4
FROM t_change_lc a
GROUP BY a.card_code
ORDER BY 1 ;
-- 行列转换 列转行
DROP TABLE t_change_cl;
CREATE TABLE t_change_cl AS
SELECT a.card_code,
SUM (decode(a.q, 1 , a.bal, 0 )) q1,
SUM (decode(a.q, 2 , a.bal, 0 )) q2,
SUM (decode(a.q, 3 , a.bal, 0 )) q3,
SUM (decode(a.q, 4 , a.bal, 0 )) q4
FROM t_change_lc a
GROUP BY a.card_code
ORDER BY 1 ;
SELECT * FROM t_change_cl;
SELECT t.card_code,
t.rn q,
decode(t.rn, 1 , t.q1, 2 , t.q2, 3 , t.q3, 4 , t.q4) bal
FROM ( SELECT a. * , b.rn
FROM t_change_cl a,
( SELECT ROWNUM rn FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 4 ) b) t
ORDER BY 1 , 2 ;
-- 行列转换 行转列 合并
DROP TABLE t_change_lc_comma;
CREATE TABLE t_change_lc_comma AS SELECT card_code, ' quarter_ ' || q AS q FROM t_change_lc;
SELECT * FROM t_change_lc_comma;
SELECT t1.card_code, substr( MAX (sys_connect_by_path(t1.q, ' ; ' )), 2 ) q
FROM ( SELECT a.card_code,
a.q,
row_number() over (PARTITION BY a.card_code ORDER BY a.q) rn
FROM t_change_lc_comma a) t1
START WITH t1.rn = 1
CONNECT BY t1.card_code = PRIOR t1.card_code
AND t1.rn - 1 = PRIOR t1.rn
GROUP BY t1.card_code;
-- 行列转换 列转行 分割
DROP TABLE t_change_cl_comma;
CREATE TABLE t_change_cl_comma AS
SELECT t1.card_code, substr( MAX (sys_connect_by_path(t1.q, ' ; ' )), 2 ) q
FROM ( SELECT a.card_code,
a.q,
row_number() over (PARTITION BY a.card_code ORDER BY a.q) rn
FROM t_change_lc_comma a) t1
START WITH t1.rn = 1
CONNECT BY t1.card_code = PRIOR t1.card_code
AND t1.rn - 1 = PRIOR t1.rn
GROUP BY t1.card_code;
SELECT * FROM t_change_cl_comma;
SELECT t.card_code,
substr(t.q,
instr( ' ; ' || t.q, ' ; ' , 1 , rn),
instr(t.q || ' ; ' , ' ; ' , 1 , rn) - instr( ' ; ' || t.q, ' ; ' , 1 , rn)) q
FROM ( SELECT a.card_code, a.q, b.rn
FROM t_change_cl_comma a,
( SELECT ROWNUM rn FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 100 ) b
WHERE instr( ' ; ' || a.q, ' ; ' , 1 , rn) > 0 ) t
ORDER BY 1 , 2 ;
-- 实现一条记录根据条件多表插入
DROP TABLE t_ia_src;
CREATE TABLE t_ia_src AS SELECT ' a ' || ROWNUM c1, ' b ' || ROWNUM c2 FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 5 ;
DROP TABLE t_ia_dest_1;
CREATE TABLE t_ia_dest_1(flag VARCHAR2 ( 10 ) , c VARCHAR2 ( 10 ));
DROP TABLE t_ia_dest_2;
CREATE TABLE t_ia_dest_2(flag VARCHAR2 ( 10 ) , c VARCHAR2 ( 10 ));
DROP TABLE t_ia_dest_3;
CREATE TABLE t_ia_dest_3(flag VARCHAR2 ( 10 ) , c VARCHAR2 ( 10 ));
SELECT * FROM t_ia_src;
SELECT * FROM t_ia_dest_1;
SELECT * FROM t_ia_dest_2;
SELECT * FROM t_ia_dest_3;
INSERT ALL
WHEN (c1 IN ( ' a1 ' , ' a3 ' )) THEN
INTO t_ia_dest_1(flag,c) VALUES (flag1,c2)
WHEN (c1 IN ( ' a2 ' , ' a4 ' )) THEN
INTO t_ia_dest_2(flag,c) VALUES (flag2,c2)
ELSE
INTO t_ia_dest_3(flag,c) VALUES (flag1 || flag2,c1 || c2)
SELECT c1,c2, ' f1 ' flag1, ' f2 ' flag2 FROM t_ia_src;
-- 如果存在就更新,不存在就插入用一个语句实现
DROP TABLE t_mg;
CREATE TABLE t_mg(code VARCHAR2 ( 10 ), NAME VARCHAR2 ( 10 ));
SELECT * FROM t_mg;
MERGE INTO t_mg a
USING ( SELECT ' the code ' code, ' the name ' NAME FROM dual) b
ON (a.code = b.code)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET a.NAME = b.NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (code, NAME) VALUES (b.code, b.NAME);
-- 抽取/删除重复记录
DROP TABLE t_dup;
CREATE TABLE t_dup AS SELECT ' code_ ' || ROWNUM code, dbms_random.string( ' z ' , 5 ) NAME FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 10 ;
INSERT INTO t_dup SELECT ' code_ ' || ROWNUM code, dbms_random.string( ' z ' , 5 ) NAME FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 2 ;
SELECT * FROM t_dup;
SELECT * FROM t_dup a WHERE a.ROWID <> ( SELECT MIN (b.ROWID) FROM t_dup b WHERE a.code = b.code);
SELECT b.code, b.NAME
FROM ( SELECT a.code,
a.NAME,
row_number() over (PARTITION BY a.code ORDER BY a.ROWID) rn
FROM t_dup a) b
WHERE b.rn > 1 ;
-- IN/EXISTS的不同适用环境
-- t_orders.customer_id有索引
SELECT a. *
FROM t_employees a
WHERE a.employee_id IN
( SELECT b.sales_rep_id FROM t_orders b WHERE b.customer_id = 12 );
SELECT a. *
FROM t_employees a
WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM t_orders b
WHERE b.customer_id = 12
AND a.employee_id = b.sales_rep_id);
-- t_employees.department_id有索引
SELECT a. *
FROM t_employees a
WHERE a.department_id = 10
AND EXISTS
( SELECT 1 FROM t_orders b WHERE a.employee_id = b.sales_rep_id);
SELECT a. *
FROM t_employees a
WHERE a.department_id = 10
AND a.employee_id IN ( SELECT b.sales_rep_id FROM t_orders b);
-- FBI
DROP TABLE t_fbi;
CREATE TABLE t_fbi AS
SELECT ROWNUM rn, dbms_random.STRING( ' z ' , 10 ) NAME , SYSDATE + dbms_random.VALUE * 10 dt FROM dual
CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 10 ;
CREATE INDEX idx_nonfbi ON t_fbi(dt);
DROP INDEX idx_fbi_1;
CREATE INDEX idx_fbi_1 ON t_fbi(trunc(dt));
SELECT * FROM t_fbi WHERE trunc(dt) = to_date( ' 2006-09-21 ' , ' yyyy-mm-dd ' ) ;
-- 不建议使用
SELECT * FROM t_fbi WHERE to_char(dt, ' yyyy-mm-dd ' ) = ' 2006-09-21 ' ;
-- LOOP中的COMMIT/ROLLBACK
DROP TABLE t_loop PURGE;
create TABLE t_loop AS SELECT * FROM user_objects WHERE 1 = 2 ;
SELECT * FROM t_loop;
-- 逐行提交
DECLARE
BEGIN
FOR cur IN ( SELECT * FROM user_objects) LOOP
INSERT INTO t_loop VALUES cur;
COMMIT ;
END LOOP;
END ;
-- 模拟批量提交
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER ;
BEGIN
FOR cur IN ( SELECT * FROM user_objects) LOOP
INSERT INTO t_loop VALUES cur;
v_count : = v_count + 1 ;
IF v_count >= 100 THEN
COMMIT ;
END IF ;
END LOOP;
COMMIT ;
END ;
-- 真正的批量提交
DECLARE
CURSOR cur IS
SELECT * FROM user_objects;
TYPE rec IS TABLE OF user_objects % ROWTYPE;
recs rec;
BEGIN
OPEN cur;
WHILE (TRUE) LOOP
FETCH cur BULK COLLECT
INTO recs LIMIT 100 ;
-- forall 实现批量
FORALL i IN 1 .. recs. COUNT
INSERT INTO t_loop VALUES recs (i);
COMMIT ;
EXIT WHEN cur % NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
END ;
-- 悲观锁定/乐观锁定
DROP TABLE t_lock PURGE;
CREATE TABLE t_lock AS SELECT 1 ID FROM dual;
SELECT * FROM t_lock;
-- 常见的实现逻辑,隐含bug
DECLARE
v_cnt NUMBER ;
BEGIN
-- 这里有并发性的bug
SELECT MAX (ID) INTO v_cnt FROM t_lock;
-- here for other operation
v_cnt : = v_cnt + 1 ;
INSERT INTO t_lock (ID) VALUES (v_cnt);
COMMIT ;
END ;
-- 高并发环境下,安全的实现逻辑
DECLARE
v_cnt NUMBER ;
BEGIN
-- 对指定的行取得lock
SELECT ID INTO v_cnt FROM t_lock WHERE ID = 1 FOR UPDATE ;
-- 在有lock的情况下继续下面的操作
SELECT MAX (ID) INTO v_cnt FROM t_lock;
-- here for other operation
v_cnt : = v_cnt + 1 ;
INSERT INTO t_lock (ID) VALUES (v_cnt);
COMMIT ; -- 提交并且释放lock
END ;
-- 硬解析/软解析
DROP TABLE t_hard PURGE;
CREATE TABLE t_hard (ID INT );
SELECT * FROM t_hard;
DECLARE
sql_1 VARCHAR2 ( 200 );
BEGIN
-- hard parse
-- java中的同等语句是 Statement.execute()
FOR i IN 1 .. 1000 LOOP
sql_1 : = ' insert into t_hard(id) values( ' || i || ' ) ' ;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_1;
END LOOP;
COMMIT ;
-- soft parse
-- java中的同等语句是 PreparedStatement.execute()
sql_1 : = ' insert into t_hard(id) values(:id) ' ;
FOR i IN 1 .. 1000 LOOP
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_1
USING i;
END LOOP;
COMMIT ;
END ;
-- 正确的分页算法
SELECT *
FROM ( SELECT a. * , ROWNUM rn
FROM ( SELECT * FROM t_employees ORDER BY first_name) a
WHERE ROWNUM <= 500 )
WHERE rn > 480 ;
-- 分页算法(why not this one)
SELECT a. * , ROWNUM rn
FROM ( SELECT * FROM t_employees ORDER BY first_name) a
WHERE ROWNUM <= 500 AND ROWNUM > 480 ;
-- 分页算法(why not this one)
SELECT b. *
FROM ( SELECT a. * , ROWNUM rn
FROM t_employees a
WHERE ROWNUM < = 500
ORDER BY first_name) b
WHERE b.rn > 480 ;
-- OLAP
-- 小计合计
SELECT CASE
WHEN a.deptno IS NULL THEN
' 合计 '
WHEN a.deptno IS NOT NULL AND a.empno IS NULL THEN
' 小计 '
ELSE
'' || a.deptno
END deptno,
a.empno,
a.ename,
SUM (a.sal) total_sal
FROM scott.emp a
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS((a.deptno),(a.deptno, a.empno, a.ename),());
-- 分组排序
SELECT a.deptno,
a.empno,
a.ename,
a.sal,
-- 可跳跃的rank
rank() over (PARTITION BY a.deptno ORDER BY a.sal DESC ) r1,
-- 密集型rank
dense_rank() over (PARTITION BY a.deptno ORDER BY a.sal DESC ) r2,
-- 不分组排序
rank() over ( ORDER BY sal DESC ) r3
FROM scott.emp a
ORDER BY a.deptno,a.sal DESC ;
-- 当前行数据和前/后n行的数据比较
SELECT a.empno,
a.ename,
a.sal,
-- 上面一行
lag(a.sal) over ( ORDER BY a.sal DESC ) lag_1,
-- 下面三行
lead(a.sal, 3 ) over ( ORDER BY a.sal DESC ) lead_3
FROM scott.emp a
ORDER BY a.sal DESC ;
DROP TABLE t_change_lc;
CREATE TABLE t_change_lc (card_code VARCHAR2 ( 3 ), q NUMBER , bal NUMBER );
INSERT INTO t_change_lc
SELECT ' 001 ' card_code, ROWNUM q, trunc(dbms_random.VALUE * 100 ) bal FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 4
UNION
SELECT ' 002 ' card_code, ROWNUM q, trunc(dbms_random.VALUE * 100 ) bal FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 4 ;
SELECT * FROM t_change_lc;
SELECT a.card_code,
SUM (decode(a.q, 1 , a.bal, 0 )) q1,
SUM (decode(a.q, 2 , a.bal, 0 )) q2,
SUM (decode(a.q, 3 , a.bal, 0 )) q3,
SUM (decode(a.q, 4 , a.bal, 0 )) q4
FROM t_change_lc a
GROUP BY a.card_code
ORDER BY 1 ;
-- 行列转换 列转行
DROP TABLE t_change_cl;
CREATE TABLE t_change_cl AS
SELECT a.card_code,
SUM (decode(a.q, 1 , a.bal, 0 )) q1,
SUM (decode(a.q, 2 , a.bal, 0 )) q2,
SUM (decode(a.q, 3 , a.bal, 0 )) q3,
SUM (decode(a.q, 4 , a.bal, 0 )) q4
FROM t_change_lc a
GROUP BY a.card_code
ORDER BY 1 ;
SELECT * FROM t_change_cl;
SELECT t.card_code,
t.rn q,
decode(t.rn, 1 , t.q1, 2 , t.q2, 3 , t.q3, 4 , t.q4) bal
FROM ( SELECT a. * , b.rn
FROM t_change_cl a,
( SELECT ROWNUM rn FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 4 ) b) t
ORDER BY 1 , 2 ;
-- 行列转换 行转列 合并
DROP TABLE t_change_lc_comma;
CREATE TABLE t_change_lc_comma AS SELECT card_code, ' quarter_ ' || q AS q FROM t_change_lc;
SELECT * FROM t_change_lc_comma;
SELECT t1.card_code, substr( MAX (sys_connect_by_path(t1.q, ' ; ' )), 2 ) q
FROM ( SELECT a.card_code,
a.q,
row_number() over (PARTITION BY a.card_code ORDER BY a.q) rn
FROM t_change_lc_comma a) t1
START WITH t1.rn = 1
CONNECT BY t1.card_code = PRIOR t1.card_code
AND t1.rn - 1 = PRIOR t1.rn
GROUP BY t1.card_code;
-- 行列转换 列转行 分割
DROP TABLE t_change_cl_comma;
CREATE TABLE t_change_cl_comma AS
SELECT t1.card_code, substr( MAX (sys_connect_by_path(t1.q, ' ; ' )), 2 ) q
FROM ( SELECT a.card_code,
a.q,
row_number() over (PARTITION BY a.card_code ORDER BY a.q) rn
FROM t_change_lc_comma a) t1
START WITH t1.rn = 1
CONNECT BY t1.card_code = PRIOR t1.card_code
AND t1.rn - 1 = PRIOR t1.rn
GROUP BY t1.card_code;
SELECT * FROM t_change_cl_comma;
SELECT t.card_code,
substr(t.q,
instr( ' ; ' || t.q, ' ; ' , 1 , rn),
instr(t.q || ' ; ' , ' ; ' , 1 , rn) - instr( ' ; ' || t.q, ' ; ' , 1 , rn)) q
FROM ( SELECT a.card_code, a.q, b.rn
FROM t_change_cl_comma a,
( SELECT ROWNUM rn FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 100 ) b
WHERE instr( ' ; ' || a.q, ' ; ' , 1 , rn) > 0 ) t
ORDER BY 1 , 2 ;
-- 实现一条记录根据条件多表插入
DROP TABLE t_ia_src;
CREATE TABLE t_ia_src AS SELECT ' a ' || ROWNUM c1, ' b ' || ROWNUM c2 FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 5 ;
DROP TABLE t_ia_dest_1;
CREATE TABLE t_ia_dest_1(flag VARCHAR2 ( 10 ) , c VARCHAR2 ( 10 ));
DROP TABLE t_ia_dest_2;
CREATE TABLE t_ia_dest_2(flag VARCHAR2 ( 10 ) , c VARCHAR2 ( 10 ));
DROP TABLE t_ia_dest_3;
CREATE TABLE t_ia_dest_3(flag VARCHAR2 ( 10 ) , c VARCHAR2 ( 10 ));
SELECT * FROM t_ia_src;
SELECT * FROM t_ia_dest_1;
SELECT * FROM t_ia_dest_2;
SELECT * FROM t_ia_dest_3;
INSERT ALL
WHEN (c1 IN ( ' a1 ' , ' a3 ' )) THEN
INTO t_ia_dest_1(flag,c) VALUES (flag1,c2)
WHEN (c1 IN ( ' a2 ' , ' a4 ' )) THEN
INTO t_ia_dest_2(flag,c) VALUES (flag2,c2)
ELSE
INTO t_ia_dest_3(flag,c) VALUES (flag1 || flag2,c1 || c2)
SELECT c1,c2, ' f1 ' flag1, ' f2 ' flag2 FROM t_ia_src;
-- 如果存在就更新,不存在就插入用一个语句实现
DROP TABLE t_mg;
CREATE TABLE t_mg(code VARCHAR2 ( 10 ), NAME VARCHAR2 ( 10 ));
SELECT * FROM t_mg;
MERGE INTO t_mg a
USING ( SELECT ' the code ' code, ' the name ' NAME FROM dual) b
ON (a.code = b.code)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET a.NAME = b.NAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (code, NAME) VALUES (b.code, b.NAME);
-- 抽取/删除重复记录
DROP TABLE t_dup;
CREATE TABLE t_dup AS SELECT ' code_ ' || ROWNUM code, dbms_random.string( ' z ' , 5 ) NAME FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 10 ;
INSERT INTO t_dup SELECT ' code_ ' || ROWNUM code, dbms_random.string( ' z ' , 5 ) NAME FROM dual CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 2 ;
SELECT * FROM t_dup;
SELECT * FROM t_dup a WHERE a.ROWID <> ( SELECT MIN (b.ROWID) FROM t_dup b WHERE a.code = b.code);
SELECT b.code, b.NAME
FROM ( SELECT a.code,
a.NAME,
row_number() over (PARTITION BY a.code ORDER BY a.ROWID) rn
FROM t_dup a) b
WHERE b.rn > 1 ;
-- IN/EXISTS的不同适用环境
-- t_orders.customer_id有索引
SELECT a. *
FROM t_employees a
WHERE a.employee_id IN
( SELECT b.sales_rep_id FROM t_orders b WHERE b.customer_id = 12 );
SELECT a. *
FROM t_employees a
WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM t_orders b
WHERE b.customer_id = 12
AND a.employee_id = b.sales_rep_id);
-- t_employees.department_id有索引
SELECT a. *
FROM t_employees a
WHERE a.department_id = 10
AND EXISTS
( SELECT 1 FROM t_orders b WHERE a.employee_id = b.sales_rep_id);
SELECT a. *
FROM t_employees a
WHERE a.department_id = 10
AND a.employee_id IN ( SELECT b.sales_rep_id FROM t_orders b);
-- FBI
DROP TABLE t_fbi;
CREATE TABLE t_fbi AS
SELECT ROWNUM rn, dbms_random.STRING( ' z ' , 10 ) NAME , SYSDATE + dbms_random.VALUE * 10 dt FROM dual
CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 10 ;
CREATE INDEX idx_nonfbi ON t_fbi(dt);
DROP INDEX idx_fbi_1;
CREATE INDEX idx_fbi_1 ON t_fbi(trunc(dt));
SELECT * FROM t_fbi WHERE trunc(dt) = to_date( ' 2006-09-21 ' , ' yyyy-mm-dd ' ) ;
-- 不建议使用
SELECT * FROM t_fbi WHERE to_char(dt, ' yyyy-mm-dd ' ) = ' 2006-09-21 ' ;
-- LOOP中的COMMIT/ROLLBACK
DROP TABLE t_loop PURGE;
create TABLE t_loop AS SELECT * FROM user_objects WHERE 1 = 2 ;
SELECT * FROM t_loop;
-- 逐行提交
DECLARE
BEGIN
FOR cur IN ( SELECT * FROM user_objects) LOOP
INSERT INTO t_loop VALUES cur;
COMMIT ;
END LOOP;
END ;
-- 模拟批量提交
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER ;
BEGIN
FOR cur IN ( SELECT * FROM user_objects) LOOP
INSERT INTO t_loop VALUES cur;
v_count : = v_count + 1 ;
IF v_count >= 100 THEN
COMMIT ;
END IF ;
END LOOP;
COMMIT ;
END ;
-- 真正的批量提交
DECLARE
CURSOR cur IS
SELECT * FROM user_objects;
TYPE rec IS TABLE OF user_objects % ROWTYPE;
recs rec;
BEGIN
OPEN cur;
WHILE (TRUE) LOOP
FETCH cur BULK COLLECT
INTO recs LIMIT 100 ;
-- forall 实现批量
FORALL i IN 1 .. recs. COUNT
INSERT INTO t_loop VALUES recs (i);
COMMIT ;
EXIT WHEN cur % NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
END ;
-- 悲观锁定/乐观锁定
DROP TABLE t_lock PURGE;
CREATE TABLE t_lock AS SELECT 1 ID FROM dual;
SELECT * FROM t_lock;
-- 常见的实现逻辑,隐含bug
DECLARE
v_cnt NUMBER ;
BEGIN
-- 这里有并发性的bug
SELECT MAX (ID) INTO v_cnt FROM t_lock;
-- here for other operation
v_cnt : = v_cnt + 1 ;
INSERT INTO t_lock (ID) VALUES (v_cnt);
COMMIT ;
END ;
-- 高并发环境下,安全的实现逻辑
DECLARE
v_cnt NUMBER ;
BEGIN
-- 对指定的行取得lock
SELECT ID INTO v_cnt FROM t_lock WHERE ID = 1 FOR UPDATE ;
-- 在有lock的情况下继续下面的操作
SELECT MAX (ID) INTO v_cnt FROM t_lock;
-- here for other operation
v_cnt : = v_cnt + 1 ;
INSERT INTO t_lock (ID) VALUES (v_cnt);
COMMIT ; -- 提交并且释放lock
END ;
-- 硬解析/软解析
DROP TABLE t_hard PURGE;
CREATE TABLE t_hard (ID INT );
SELECT * FROM t_hard;
DECLARE
sql_1 VARCHAR2 ( 200 );
BEGIN
-- hard parse
-- java中的同等语句是 Statement.execute()
FOR i IN 1 .. 1000 LOOP
sql_1 : = ' insert into t_hard(id) values( ' || i || ' ) ' ;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_1;
END LOOP;
COMMIT ;
-- soft parse
-- java中的同等语句是 PreparedStatement.execute()
sql_1 : = ' insert into t_hard(id) values(:id) ' ;
FOR i IN 1 .. 1000 LOOP
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_1
USING i;
END LOOP;
COMMIT ;
END ;
-- 正确的分页算法
SELECT *
FROM ( SELECT a. * , ROWNUM rn
FROM ( SELECT * FROM t_employees ORDER BY first_name) a
WHERE ROWNUM <= 500 )
WHERE rn > 480 ;
-- 分页算法(why not this one)
SELECT a. * , ROWNUM rn
FROM ( SELECT * FROM t_employees ORDER BY first_name) a
WHERE ROWNUM <= 500 AND ROWNUM > 480 ;
-- 分页算法(why not this one)
SELECT b. *
FROM ( SELECT a. * , ROWNUM rn
FROM t_employees a
WHERE ROWNUM < = 500
ORDER BY first_name) b
WHERE b.rn > 480 ;
-- OLAP
-- 小计合计
SELECT CASE
WHEN a.deptno IS NULL THEN
' 合计 '
WHEN a.deptno IS NOT NULL AND a.empno IS NULL THEN
' 小计 '
ELSE
'' || a.deptno
END deptno,
a.empno,
a.ename,
SUM (a.sal) total_sal
FROM scott.emp a
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS((a.deptno),(a.deptno, a.empno, a.ename),());
-- 分组排序
SELECT a.deptno,
a.empno,
a.ename,
a.sal,
-- 可跳跃的rank
rank() over (PARTITION BY a.deptno ORDER BY a.sal DESC ) r1,
-- 密集型rank
dense_rank() over (PARTITION BY a.deptno ORDER BY a.sal DESC ) r2,
-- 不分组排序
rank() over ( ORDER BY sal DESC ) r3
FROM scott.emp a
ORDER BY a.deptno,a.sal DESC ;
-- 当前行数据和前/后n行的数据比较
SELECT a.empno,
a.ename,
a.sal,
-- 上面一行
lag(a.sal) over ( ORDER BY a.sal DESC ) lag_1,
-- 下面三行
lead(a.sal, 3 ) over ( ORDER BY a.sal DESC ) lead_3
FROM scott.emp a
ORDER BY a.sal DESC ;