Spring 关键点

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-30 22:34:20 发布

hanruikai

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-30 22:34:20 发布

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1. 拦截器

Spring MVC Interceptor, Spring Interceptor example, Spring interceptor

package com.journaldev.spring;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

/**
 * Handles requests for the application home page.
 */
@Controller
public class HomeController {
	
	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HomeController.class);
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/home", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String home(Locale locale, Model model) {
		logger.info("Welcome home! The client locale is {}.", locale);
		//adding some time lag to check interceptor execution
		try {
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		Date date = new Date();
		DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG, locale);
		
		String formattedDate = dateFormat.format(date);
		
		model.addAttribute("serverTime", formattedDate );
		logger.info("Before returning view page");
		return "home";
	}
	
}

package com.journaldev.spring;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter;

public class RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {

	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory
			.getLogger(RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor.class);

	@Override
	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
		logger.info("Request URL::" + request.getRequestURL().toString()
				+ ":: Start Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
		request.setAttribute("startTime", startTime);
		//if returned false, we need to make sure 'response' is sent
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
			ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
		System.out.println("Request URL::" + request.getRequestURL().toString()
				+ " Sent to Handler :: Current Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
		//we can add attributes in the modelAndView and use that in the view page
	}

	@Override
	public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
			throws Exception {
		long startTime = (Long) request.getAttribute("startTime");
		logger.info("Request URL::" + request.getRequestURL().toString()
				+ ":: End Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
		logger.info("Request URL::" + request.getRequestURL().toString()
				+ ":: Time Taken=" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
	}

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing 
		infrastructure -->

	<!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model -->
	<annotation-driven />

	<!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving 
		up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory -->
	<resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

	<!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources 
		in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
	<beans:bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
		<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</beans:bean>

	<!-- Configuring interceptors based on URI -->
	<interceptors>
		<interceptor>
			<mapping path="/home" />
			<beans:bean class="com.journaldev.spring.RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor"></beans:bean>
		</interceptor>
	</interceptors>

	<context:component-scan base-package="com.journaldev.spring" />

</beans:beans>

过滤器和拦截器的区别：

　　①拦截器是基于Java的反射机制的，而过滤器是基于函数回调。
　　②拦截器不依赖与servlet容器，过滤器依赖与servlet容器。
　　③拦截器只能对action请求起作用，而过滤器则可以对几乎所有的请求起作用。
　　④拦截器可以访问action上下文、值栈里的对象，而过滤器不能访问。
　　⑤在action的生命周期中，拦截器可以多次被调用，而过滤器只能在容器初始化时被调用一次。

　　⑥拦截器可以获取IOC容器中的各个bean，而过滤器就不行，这点很重要，在拦截器里注入一个service，可以调用业务逻辑。

2. 请求处理流程图

Spring工作流程描述

1. 用户向服务器发送请求，请求被Spring 前端控制Servelt DispatcherServlet捕获；

2. DispatcherServlet对请求URL进行解析，得到请求资源标识符（URI）。然后根据该URI，调用HandlerMapping获得该Handler配置的所有相关的对象（包括Handler对象以及Handler对象对应的拦截器），最后以HandlerExecutionChain对象的形式返回；

3. DispatcherServlet 根据获得的Handler，选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter。（附注：如果成功获得HandlerAdapter后，此时将开始执行拦截器的preHandler(...)方法）

4. 提取Request中的模型数据，填充Handler入参，开始执行Handler（Controller)。在填充Handler的入参过程中，根据你的配置，Spring将帮你做一些额外的工作：

HttpMessageConveter：将请求消息（如Json、xml等数据）转换成一个对象，将对象转换为指定的响应信息

数据转换：对请求消息进行数据转换。如String转换成Integer、Double等

数据根式化：对请求消息进行数据格式化。如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等

数据验证：验证数据的有效性（长度、格式等），验证结果存储到BindingResult或Error中

5. Handler 执行完成后，向DispatcherServlet 返回一个ModelAndView对象；

6. 根据返回的ModelAndView，选择一个适合的ViewResolver（必须是已经注册到Spring容器中的 ViewResolver)返回给DispatcherServlet ；

7. ViewResolver 结合Model和View，来渲染视图

8. 将渲染结果返回给客户端。

Spring工作流程描述

为什么Spring只使用一个Servlet(DispatcherServlet)来处理所有请求？