Quartz是什么
Quartz是OpenSystemphony开源组织在Job scheduling领域哟一个开源项目,他可以域J2EE与J2SE应用程序相结合也可以单独使用。Quartz可以用来创建简单活为运行十个、百个,甚至好几万个Jobs这样复杂的日程序表。Jobs可以做成标准的Java组件或EJBs.
Quartz是一个任务日程管理系统,一个预先确定(被纳入日程)的时间到达时,负责执行(或通知)其他软件组件的系统。
Quartz是一个小java库发布文件(.jar文件),这个库文件包含了所有uartz核心功能。这些功能注解接口(API)是Scheduler接口。他提供了简单的操作,例如:将任务纳入日程或者从日程中取消,开始、停止、暂停日程进度。
核心接口
Scheduler——核心调度器
Job——任务
JobDetai——任务描述
Trigger——触发器
执行过程
Trigger
SimpleTrigger 简单触发
SimpleTrigger用来触发只需执行一次或者在给定时间触发并且重复N次且每次执行延迟一定时间的任务。
如果你想让触发器在2014年1月11日,上午11:23:54秒执行,然后每个隔10秒钟重复执行一次,并且这样重复5次。那么SimpleTrigger 就可以满足你的要求。
CronTrigger 表达式触发
如果你需要像日历那样按日程来触发任务,而不是像SimpleTrigger 那样每隔特定的间隔时间触发,CronTriggers通常比SimpleTrigger更有用。
使用CronTrigger,你可以指定诸如“每个周五中午”,或者“每个工作日的9:30”或者“从每个周一、周三、周五的上午9:00到上午10:00之间每隔五分钟”这样日程安排来触发。甚至,象SimpleTrigger一样,CronTrigger也有一个startTime以指定日程从什么时候开始,也有一个(可选的)endTime以指定何时日程不再继续。
关于时间表达式的编写:在下一篇博客中进行详细的介绍。
可以这样说:凡是SimpleTrigger能完成的任务,CronTrigger表达式都可以完成
官方Demo演示
添加依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1</version>
</dependency>
Job类代码:
/*
* All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
* of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*/
package cn.itcast.quartz.example;
import java.util.Date;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
/**
* <p>
* This is just a simple job that says "Hello" to the world.
* </p>
*
* @author Bill Kratzer
*/
public class HelloJob implements Job {
private static Logger _log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloJob.class);
/**
* <p>
* Empty constructor for job initilization
* </p>
* <p>
* Quartz requires a public empty constructor so that the
* scheduler can instantiate the class whenever it needs.
* </p>
*/
public HelloJob() {
}
/**
* <p>
* Called by the <code>{@link org.quartz.Scheduler}</code> when a
* <code>{@link org.quartz.Trigger}</code> fires that is associated with
* the <code>Job</code>.
* </p>
*
* @throws JobExecutionException
* if there is an exception while executing the job.
*/
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context)
throws JobExecutionException {
// Say Hello to the World and display the date/time
_log.info("Hello World! - " + new Date());
}
}
表达式触发器代码:
/*
* All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
* of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*/
package cn.itcast.quartz.example;
import static org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule;
import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule
* a job to run in Quartz.
*
* @author Bill Kratzer
*/
public class SimpleCronExample {
public void run() throws Exception {
Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleCronExample.class);
log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");
// 定义调度器
SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();
log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");
// 获取当前时间的下一分钟
Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());
log.info("------- Scheduling Job -------------------");
// 定义job
JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
// 定义触发器,每2秒执行一次
Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
.withSchedule(cronSchedule("0 0/1 * * * ?")).build();
// 将job注册到调度器
sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);
// 启动调度器
sched.start();
log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");
// 等待1分钟
log.info("------- Waiting 60 seconds... -------------");
try {
Thread.sleep(60L * 1000L);
} catch (Exception e) {
//
}
// 关闭调度器
log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");
sched.shutdown(true);
log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SimpleCronExample example = new SimpleCronExample();
example.run();
}
}
简单才触发器代码:
/*
* All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
* of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*/
package cn.itcast.quartz.example;
import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.evenMinuteDate;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* This Example will demonstrate how to start and shutdown the Quartz scheduler and how to schedule
* a job to run in Quartz.
*
* @author Bill Kratzer
*/
public class SimpleExample {
public void run() throws Exception {
Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleExample.class);
log.info("------- Initializing ----------------------");
// 定义调度器
SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler sched = sf.getScheduler();
log.info("------- Initialization Complete -----------");
// 获取当前时间的下一分钟
Date runTime = evenMinuteDate(new Date());
log.info("------- Scheduling Job -------------------");
// 定义job
// 在quartz中,有组的概念,组+job名称 唯一的
JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class).withIdentity("job1", "group1").build();
// 定义触发器,在下一分钟启动
Trigger trigger = newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1", "group1").startAt(runTime).build();
// 将job注册到调度器
sched.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
log.info(job.getKey() + " will run at: " + runTime);
// 启动调度器
sched.start();
log.info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------");
// 等待65秒
log.info("------- Waiting 65 seconds... -------------");
try {
// wait 65 seconds to show job
Thread.sleep(65L * 1000L);
// executing...
} catch (Exception e) {
//
}
// 关闭调度器
log.info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------");
sched.shutdown(true);
log.info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SimpleExample example = new SimpleExample();
example.run();
}
}
在下一篇博客中详细介绍,表达式触发器中表达式的编写。