几个问题及解决方法

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在编译VC 工程时出现的编译错误
问题如下:


1、Linking...
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _fclose already defined in LIBCD.lib(fclose.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _free already defined in LIBCD.lib(dbgheap.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _malloc already defined in LIBCD.lib(dbgheap.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _strncpy already defined in LIBCD.lib(strncpy.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: _sprintf already defined in LIBCD.lib(sprintf.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: __isctype already defined in LIBCD.lib(isctype.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: __close already defined in LIBCD.lib(close.obj)
MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCRTD.dll) : error LNK2005: __write already defined in LIBCD.lib(write.obj)
LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib "MSVCRTD" conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library
Debug/module.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
Error executing link.exe.

原因及解决方法如下:主程序的库与 LIBCD 库链接方式不一致造成的。本例中LIBCD 是用动态链接的
所以可以设置:project->setting-> Generation->Use MFC in a shared DLL


  2、 c:/program files/microsoft visual studio/vc98/mfc/include/afxv_w32.h(14) : fatal error C1189: #error :  WINDOWS.H already included.  MFC apps must not #include <windows.h>

于是, 我在VC6.0 集成环境中的菜单项project 下的setting 中设置使用MFC"use mfc in a shared DLL"

   即:

       project->setting->general->Microsoft Foundation Classed: 选择 Use MFC in a shared DLL"

   同时,加入:

   #include <afxwin.h>// 使用MFC

学会两点:

 (1) 、在project->setting->general->Microsoft Foundation Classed: 选择 Use MFC in a shared DLL

(2 )、#include 顺序调换可能会解决问题


3、windows.h和winsock2.h头文件包含顺序

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:SimSun; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;} @font-face {font-family:"/@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; mso-pagination:none; font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> 大凡在Windows 平台下用C++ 做网络开发很多时候都会同时包含这两个头文件,如若顺序不当(windows.h 先于winsock2.h) 就会出现很多莫名其妙的错误。诸如:

警告    4    warning C4005: “AF_IPX”: 宏重定义    c:/program files/microsoft sdks/windows/v6.0a/include/ws2def.h    91
警告    5    warning C4005: “AF_MAX”: 宏重定义    c:/program files/microsoft sdks/windows/v6.0a/include/ws2def.h    127
警告    6    warning C4005: “SO_DONTLINGER”: 宏重定义    c:/program files/microsoft sdks/windows/v6.0a/include/ws2def.h    163
<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:SimSun; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;} @font-face {font-family:"/@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; mso-pagination:none; font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> 只要将二者的包含顺序调换一下问题就会解决,原因参见下面那个链接。另外,上述问题不仅影响直接包含二者的文件,还影响 间接包含的情形。比如,a.h 包含了windows.hb.h 包含了winsock2.h ,如果在c.h 当中要引用a.hb.h ,那么正确的顺序应当 是b.h 先于a.h 。当然,实践当中有时很难找到究竟是哪两个文件顺序不对了,终极的解决办法是,在当前工程(就是编译不过的这个工程)所有 include 语句最前面加上#include <winsock2.h>#include<windows.h> ,世界清静了。

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:SimSun; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;} @font-face {font-family:"/@宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; mso-pagination:none; font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->

在包含了<windows.h> 以及<winsock2.h> 的工程中, 编译有时会出现如
下错误:
     error C2011: 'fd_set' : 'struct' type redefinition
     error C2011: 'timeval' : 'struct' type redefinition
                     ....
     error C2375: 'accept' : redefinition; different linkage
[
原因分析]
   主要原因是因为<windows.h> 中包含了<winsock.h> 头文件, 由于其版
本的不同,导致出现上述的错误。<windows.h> 中相关代码如下:
               #ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
               #include <cderr.h>
               #include <dde.h>
               #include <ddeml.h>
               ........
                #ifndef _MAC
               #include <winperf.h>
               #include <winsock.h>
               #endif
                .......
               #include <commdlg.h>
               #endif
               #endif
[
解决方案]
    由以上代码可以看出如果在没有定义WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 宏的大前
提下windows.h 有可能包含winsock.h 头文件,因此我们得出一个很简单
的解决方法就是在包含<windows.h> 之前定义WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN,
下所示
:
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>

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