C# 文件加密解密 SHA256

 /// <summary>
        /// 加密文件随机数生成
        /// </summary>
        private static RandomNumberGenerator rand = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
        private const int BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024;
        private const ulong FC_TAG = 0xFC010203040506CF;
        /// <summary>
        /// 生成指定长度的随机Byte数组
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="count">Byte数组长度</param>
        /// <returns>随机Byte数组</returns>
        private static byte[] GenerateRandomBytes(int count)
        {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[count];
            //产生随机序列
            rand.GetBytes(bytes);
            return bytes;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建Rijndael SymmetricAlgorithm
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="password">密码</param>
        /// <param name="salt"></param>
        /// <returns>加密对象</returns>
        private static SymmetricAlgorithm CreateRijndael(string password, byte[] salt)
        {
            PasswordDeriveBytes pdb = new PasswordDeriveBytes(password, salt, "SHA256", 1000);

            SymmetricAlgorithm sma = Rijndael.Create();
            sma.KeySize = 256;
            sma.Key = pdb.GetBytes(16);
            sma.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;
            return sma;
        }
        public static void EncryptFile(string inFile, string outFile, string password)
        {
            using (FileStream fin = File.OpenRead(inFile),
                fout = File.OpenWrite(outFile))
            {
                long lSize = fin.Length; // 输入文件长度
                int size = (int)lSize;
                byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; // 缓存
                int read = -1; // 输入文件读取数量
                int value = 0;

                // 获取IV和salt
                //密钥salt在加密算法中主要被设计用来防止“字典攻击”。字典攻击也是一种穷举的暴力破解法。字典中会假设一定数量的密码值，
                //攻击者会尝试用这些密码来解密密文。Salt是在密钥导出之前在密码末尾引入的随机字节，它使这类攻击变得非常困难
                //初始化向量IV在加密算法中起到的也是增强破解难度的作用。在加密过程中，如果遇到相同的数据块，其加密出来的结果也一致，相对就会容易破解。
                //加密算法在加密数据块的时候，往往会同时使用密码和上一个数据块的加密结果。因为要加密的第一个数据块显然不存在上一个数据块，所以这个初始化向量就是被设计用来当作初始数据块的加密结果。
                byte[] IV = GenerateRandomBytes(16);
                byte[] salt = GenerateRandomBytes(16);

                // 创建加密对象
                SymmetricAlgorithm sma = CreateRijndael(password, salt);
                sma.IV = IV;

                // 在输出文件开始部分写入IV和salt
                fout.Write(IV, 0, IV.Length);
                fout.Write(salt, 0, salt.Length);

                // 创建散列加密
                HashAlgorithm hasher = SHA256.Create();
                  //     定义将数据流链接到加密转换的流。
                using (CryptoStream cout = new CryptoStream(fout, sma.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write),
                    chash = new CryptoStream(Stream.Null, hasher, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {
                    BinaryWriter bw = new BinaryWriter(cout);
                    bw.Write(lSize);

                    bw.Write(FC_TAG);

                    // 读写字节块到加密流缓冲区
                    while ((read = fin.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length)) != 0)
                    {
                        cout.Write(bytes, 0, read);
                        chash.Write(bytes, 0, read);
                        value += read;
                    }
                    // 关闭加密流
                    chash.Flush();
                    chash.Close();

                    // 读取散列
                    //在 chash 获取散列密钥
                   byte[] hash = hasher.Hash;
                   
                    // 输入文件写入散列
                    cout.Write(hash, 0, hash.Length);

                    // 关闭文件流
                    cout.Flush();
                    cout.Close();
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 解密文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="inFile">待解密文件</param>
        /// <param name="outFile">解密后输出文件</param>
        /// <param name="password">解密密码</param>
        public static void DecryptFile(string inFile, string outFile, string password)
        {
            // 创建打开文件流
            using (FileStream fin = File.OpenRead(inFile),
                fout = File.OpenWrite(outFile))
            {
                int size = (int)fin.Length;
                byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
                int read = -1;
                int value = 0;
                int outValue = 0;

                byte[] IV = new byte[16];
                fin.Read(IV, 0, 16);
                byte[] salt = new byte[16];
                fin.Read(salt, 0, 16);

                SymmetricAlgorithm sma = CreateRijndael(password, salt);
                sma.IV = IV;

                value = 32;
                long lSize = -1;

                // 创建散列对象, 校验文件
                HashAlgorithm hasher = SHA256.Create();

                using (CryptoStream cin = new CryptoStream(fin, sma.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Read),
                    chash = new CryptoStream(Stream.Null, hasher, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {
                    // 读取文件长度
                    BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(cin);
                    lSize = br.ReadInt64();
                    ulong tag = br.ReadUInt64();

                    if (FC_TAG != tag)
                        throw new Exception("文件被破坏");

                    long numReads = lSize / BUFFER_SIZE;

                    long slack = (long)lSize % BUFFER_SIZE;

                    for (int i = 0; i < numReads; ++i)
                    {
                        read = cin.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
                        fout.Write(bytes, 0, read);
                        chash.Write(bytes, 0, read);
                        value += read;
                        outValue += read;
                    }

                    if (slack > 0)
                    {
                        read = cin.Read(bytes, 0, (int)slack);
                        fout.Write(bytes, 0, read);
                        chash.Write(bytes, 0, read);
                        value += read;
                        outValue += read;
                    }

                    chash.Flush();
                    chash.Close();

                    fout.Flush();
                    fout.Close();

                    byte[] curHash = hasher.Hash;

                    // 获取比较和旧的散列对象
                    byte[] oldHash = new byte[hasher.HashSize / 8];
                    read = cin.Read(oldHash, 0, oldHash.Length);
                    if ((oldHash.Length != read) || (!CheckByteArrays(oldHash, curHash)))
                        throw new Exception("文件被破坏");
                }

                if (outValue != lSize)
                    throw new Exception("文件大小不匹配");
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 检验两个Byte数组是否相同
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="b1">Byte数组</param>
        /// <param name="b2">Byte数组</param>
        /// <returns>true－相等</returns>
        private static bool CheckByteArrays(byte[] b1, byte[] b2)
        {
            if (b1.Length == b2.Length)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < b1.Length; ++i)
                {
                    if (b1[i] != b2[i])
                        return false;
                }
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }