iOS开发中的这些权限，你搞懂了吗？

作者：Amin
链接：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/21526810
来源：知乎
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

写在前面

• APP开发避免不开系统权限的问题，如何在APP以更加友好的方式向用户展示系统权限，似乎也是开发过程中值得深思的一件事；
  

• 那如何提高APP获取iOS系统权限的通过率呢？有以下几种方式:1.在用户打开APP时就向用户请求权限；2.告知用户授权权限后能够获得好处之后，再向用户请求权限；3.在绝对必要的情况下才向用户请求权限，例如：用户访问照片库时请求访问系统相册权限；4.在展示系统权限的对话框前，先向用户显示自定义的对话框，若用户选择不允许，默认无操作，若用户选择允许，再展示系统对话框。
  

• 上述情况在开发过程中是经常遇到的，不同方式的选择会影响最后用户交互体验。这一点感悟正是源于上一周工作遇到的问题：适配iOS10，如何获取应用联网权限用以管理系统对话框的显示管理。当我把这个问题解决后，感觉有必要将常用的iOS系统权限做一个总结，以便后用。
  

权限分类

• 联网权限
  

• 相册权限
  

• 相机、麦克风权限
  

• 定位权限
  

• 推送权限
  

• 通讯录权限
  

• 日历、备忘录权限
  

联网权限

• 引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;
  

• 应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限
  

CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier =  ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){
  //获取联网状态
  switch (state) {
        case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
                  NSLog(@"Restricrted");          
                  break;
        case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
                  NSLog(@"Not Restricted");          
                  break;
        case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
                  NSLog(@"Unknown");          
                  break;
        default:
            break;
  };
};

• 查询应用是否有联网功能

CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;
 switch (state) {
   case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricrted");      
         break;
   case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Not Restricted");      
         break;  
   case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
         NSLog(@"Unknown");      
         break;
   default:
         break;
}

相册权限--iOS 9.0之前

• 导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;
  

• 检查是否有相册权限
  

PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
switch (photoAuthorStatus) {
  case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");      
        break;
  case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied");      
        break;
  case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");      
        break;  
  case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");      
        break;  
  default:      
        break;
}

• ![Uploading 144446-b8aca7ba38c5f8c0_695906.png . . .]获取相册权限

[PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
  if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
  }else{
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
  }];

相机和麦克风权限

• 导入头文件@import AVFoundation;
  

• 检查是否有相机或麦克风权限
  

AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限
AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限
switch (AVstatus) {
  case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");      
        break;  
  case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied");      
        break;  
  case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");      
        break; 
  case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");      
        break;  
  default:      
        break;
}

• 获取相机或麦克风权限

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限
  if (granted) {
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
  }else{
      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
}];

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//麦克风权限
  if (granted) {
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
  }else{
      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
}];

定位权限

• 导入头文件@import CoreLocation;
  

• 由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；
  

• 检查是否有定位权限

BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
if (!isLocation) {
  NSLog(@"not turn on the location");}
CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
switch (CLstatus) {
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
        NSLog(@"Always Authorized");      
        break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
        NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");      
        break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied");      
        break;  
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");      
        break;  
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");      
        break;  
  default:      
        break;
}

• 获取定位权限

CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
[manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
[manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息

• 在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{ switch (status) {
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
        NSLog(@"Always Authorized");      
        break;  
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
        NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");      
        break;  
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:      
        NSLog(@"Denied");      
        break;  
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");      
        break;  
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");      
        break;  
  default:
        break;
  }

}

推送权限

• 检查是否有通讯权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];switch (settings.types) {
  case UIUserNotificationTypeNone:
        NSLog(@"None");      
        break;  
  case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert:
        NSLog(@"Alert Notification");      
        break; 
  case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge:
        NSLog(@"Badge Notification");      
        break;  
  case UIUserNotificationTypeSound:
        NSLog(@"sound Notification'");      
        break;  
  default:      
        break;
}

• 获取推送权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

• 导入头文件 @import AddressBook;
  

• 检查是否有通讯录权限

 ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();switch (ABstatus) {
   case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:      
         NSLog(@"Authorized");      
         break;  
   case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:
         NSLog(@"Denied'");      
         break;  
   case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
         NSLog(@"not Determined");      
         break;  
   case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricted");      
         break;  
   default:      
         break;
}

• 获取通讯录权限

ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
  if (granted) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        CFRelease(addressBook);
  }else{
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
});

日历、备忘录权限

• 导入头文件
  

• 检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) {
  EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历
  EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘
 };

EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore  authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];switch (EKstatus) {
  case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");      
        break;  
  case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied'");      
        break;  
  case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");      
        break;  
  case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");      
        break; 
  default:
        break;
}

• 获取日历或备忘录权限

EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
[store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
  if (granted) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
  }else{
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
}];

最后一点

• 素有获取权限的方法，多用于用户第一次操作应用，iOS 8.0之后，将这些设置都整合在一起，并且可以开启或关闭相应的权限。所有的权限都可以通过下面的方法打开：

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];