Mybatis中的association用法

这篇文章我们将来学习一些 association 用法

表结构

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`; CREATE TABLE `student` ( 
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 
  `name` varchar(10) NOT NULL, 
  `gender` char(1) NOT NULL, 
  `major` varchar(20) NOT NULL, 
  `grade` char(4) NOT NULL, 
  `supervisor_id` int(11) NOT NULL, 
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`) 
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of student -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', 'zhangsan', '男', '计算机科学与技术', '2011', '1'); -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for teacher -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`; CREATE TABLE `teacher` ( 
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 
  `name` varchar(10) NOT NULL, 
  `gender` char(1) NOT NULL, 
  `research_area` varchar(20) NOT NULL, 
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`) 
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of teacher -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', 'laowu', '男', '软件工程');

对应的java bean

public class Student { 
 private int id;   
 private String name;     // 姓名 
 private String gender;   // 性别 
 private String major;    // 专业 
 private String grade;    // 年级 
 private Teacher supervisor; //指导教师  

 public int getId() { 
  return id; 
 } 
 public void setId(int id) { 
  this.id = id; 
 } 
 public String getName() { 
  return name; 
 } 
 public void setName(String name) { 
  this.name = name; 
 } 
 public String getGender() { 
  return gender; 
 } 
 public void setGender(String gender) { 
  this.gender = gender; 
 } 
 public String getMajor() { 
  return major; 
 } 
 public void setMajor(String major) { 
  this.major = major; 
 } 
 public String getGrade() { 
  return grade; 
 } 
 public void setGrade(String grade) { 
  this.grade = grade; 
 } 
 public Teacher getSupervisor() { 
  return supervisor; 
 } 
 public void setSupervisor(Teacher supervisor) { 
  this.supervisor = supervisor; 
 } 
} 
public class Teacher { 
 private int id;     
 private String name;               // 教师姓名 
 private String gender;        // 教师性别 
 private String researchArea;    // 研究领域 
 private List<Student> supStudents; // 指导学生 

 public int getId() { 
  return id; 
 } 
 public void setId(int id) { 
  this.id = id; 
 } 
 public String getName() { 
  return name; 
 } 
 public void setName(String name) { 
  this.name = name; 
 } 
 public String getGender() { 
  return gender; 
 } 
 public void setGender(String gender) { 
  this.gender = gender; 
 } 
 public String getResearchArea() { 
  return researchArea; 
 } 
 public void setResearchArea(String researchArea) { 
  this.researchArea = researchArea; 
 } 
 public List<Student> getSupStudents() { 
  return supStudents; 
 } 
 public void setSupStudents(List<Student> supStudents) { 
  this.supStudents = supStudents; 
 } 
}

mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"  
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="net.zaodk.mybatis.mapper.StudentOperationMapper"> 
 <!-- 定义java Bean的属性与数据库的列之间的映射 --> 
 <resultMap type="Student" id="studentResultMap"> 
  <id column="id" property="id" /> 
  <result column="name" property="name" /> 
  <result column="gender" property="gender" /> 
  <result column="major" property="major" /> 
  <result column="grade" property="grade"/> 
  <!-- association处理has-a关系 --> 
  <!--注意：这种方式javaType必须指定，表示supervisor的类型是Teacher，否则会报错 --> 
  <association property="supervisor" javaType="Teacher"> 
   <!-- 教师自身的属性与数据库字段的映射 --> 
   <id property="id" column="t_id"/> 
   <result property="name" column="t_name"/> 
   <result property="gender" column="t_gender"/> 
   <result property="researchArea" column="research_area"/> 
  </association> 
 </resultMap> 

 <!-- SQL语句中以"#{}"的形式引用参数 --> 
 <select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="studentResultMap"> 
  SELECT st.id,st.name,st.gender,st.major,st.grade,t.id t_id,t.name t_name, 
  t.gender t_gender,t.research_area  
  FROM student st, teacher t 
  WHERE st.supervisor_id = t.id 
  AND st.id=#{id} 
 </select> </mapper>

测试

public void testAssociation(){ 
  SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); 
  StudentOperationMapper studentOperationMapper = session.getMapper(StudentOperationMapper.class); 
  Student student = studentOperationMapper.getById(1); 
  System.out.println(student.getName()+"的指导老师是:"+student.getSupervisor().getName()); 
 }

myBatis association的两种形式

嵌套的resultMap

这种方法的本质就是把教师实体映射从association元素中提取出来，用一个resultMap元素表示。然后association元素再引用这个resultMap元素。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"  
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="net.zaodk.mybatis.mapper.StudentOperationMapper"> 
 <!-- 定义java Bean的属性与数据库的列之间的映射 --> 
 <resultMap type="Teacher" id="teacherResultMap"> 
  <id property="id" column="t_id"/> 
   <result property="name" column="t_name"/> 
   <result property="gender" column="t_gender"/> 
   <result property="researchArea" column="research_area"/> 
 </resultMap> 

 <resultMap type="Student" id="studentResultMap"> 
  <id column="id" property="id" /> 
  <result column="name" property="name" /> 
  <result column="gender" property="gender" /> 
  <result column="major" property="major" /> 
  <result column="grade" property="grade"/> 
  <!-- 引用teacherResultMap --> 
  <association property="supervisor" resultMap="teacherResultMap"/> 
 </resultMap> 

 <!-- SQL语句中以"#{}"的形式引用参数 --> 
 <select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="studentResultMap"> 
  SELECT st.id,st.name,st.gender,st.major,st.grade,t.id t_id,t.name t_name, 
  t.gender t_gender,t.research_area  
  FROM student st, teacher t 
  WHERE st.supervisor_id = t.id 
  AND st.id=#{id} 
 </select> </mapper>

嵌套的select语句

这种方式是使用一条单独的select语句来加载关联的实体(本例中就是教师实体)，然后在association元素中引用此select语句(注：此方法会产生N+1问题，尽量不要用嵌套的select语句)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"  
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="net.zaodk.mybatis.mapper.StudentOperationMapper"> 
 <!-- 定义java Bean的属性与数据库的列之间的映射 --> 
 <resultMap type="Teacher" id="supervisorResultMap"> 
  <id property="id" column="t_id"/> 
   <result property="name" column="t_name"/> 
   <result property="gender" column="t_gender"/> 
   <result property="researchArea" column="research_area"/> 
 </resultMap> 

 <resultMap type="Student" id="studentResultMap"> 
  <id column="id" property="id" /> 
  <result column="name" property="name" /> 
  <result column="gender" property="gender" /> 
  <result column="major" property="major" /> 
  <result column="grade" property="grade"/> 
  <!-- 引用teacherResultMap --> 
  <association property="supervisor" column="supervisor_id" select="selectSupervisor"/> 
 </resultMap> 

 <!-- SQL语句中以"#{}"的形式引用参数 --> 
 <select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="studentResultMap"> 
  select id,name,gender,major,grade,supervisor_id from student where id =#{id} 
 </select> 

 <select id="selectSupervisor" parameterType="int" resultMap="supervisorResultMap"> 
  select id,name,gender,research_area 
  from teacher where id = #{id} 
 </select> </mapper>