一、TCP socket ipv6与ipv4的区别
服务器端源代码如下:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <sys/wait.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- #define MAXBUF 1024
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int sockfd, new_fd;
- socklen_t len;
- /* struct sockaddr_in my_addr, their_addr; */ // IPv4
- struct sockaddr_in6 my_addr, their_addr; // IPv6
- unsigned int myport, lisnum;
- char buf[MAXBUF + 1];
- if (argv[1])
- myport = atoi(argv[1]);
- else
- myport = 7838;
- if (argv[2])
- lisnum = atoi(argv[2]);
- else
- lisnum = 2;
- /* if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { */ // IPv4
- if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { // IPv6
- perror("socket");
- exit(1);
- } else
- printf("socket created/n");
- bzero(&my_addr, sizeof(my_addr));
- /* my_addr.sin_family = PF_INET; */ // IPv4
- my_addr.sin6_family = PF_INET6; // IPv6
- /* my_addr.sin_port = htons(myport); */ // IPv4
- my_addr.sin6_port = htons(myport); // IPv6
- if (argv[3])
- /* my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[3]); */ // IPv4
- inet_pton(AF_INET6, argv[3], &my_addr.sin6_addr); // IPv6
- else
- /* my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; */ // IPv4
- my_addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_any; // IPv6
- /* if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) */ // IPv4
- if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) // IPv6
- == -1) {
- perror("bind");
- exit(1);
- } else
- printf("binded/n");
- if (listen(sockfd, lisnum) == -1) {
- perror("listen");
- exit(1);
- } else
- printf("begin listen/n");
- while (1) {
- len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
- if ((new_fd =
- accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &their_addr,
- &len)) == -1) {
- perror("accept");
- exit(errno);
- } else
- printf("server: got connection from %s, port %d, socket %d/n",
- /* inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr), */ // IPv4
- inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &their_addr.sin6_addr, buf, sizeof(buf)), // IPv6
- /* ntohs(their_addr.sin_port), new_fd); */ // IPv4
- their_addr.sin6_port, new_fd); // IPv6
- /* 开始处理每个新连接上的数据收发 */
- bzero(buf, MAXBUF + 1);
- strcpy(buf,
- "这是在连接建立成功后向客户端发送的第一个消息/n只能向new_fd这个用accept函数新建立的socket发消息,不能向sockfd这个监听socket发送消息,监听socket不能用来接收或发送消息/n");
- /* 发消息给客户端 */
- len = send(new_fd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
- if (len < 0) {
- printf
- ("消息'%s'发送失败!错误代码是%d,错误信息是'%s'/n",
- buf, errno, strerror(errno));
- } else
- printf("消息'%s'发送成功,共发送了%d个字节!/n",
- buf, len);
- bzero(buf, MAXBUF + 1);
- /* 接收客户端的消息 */
- len = recv(new_fd, buf, MAXBUF, 0);
- if (len > 0)
- printf("接收消息成功:'%s',共%d个字节的数据/n",
- buf, len);
- else
- printf
- ("消息接收失败!错误代码是%d,错误信息是'%s'/n",
- errno, strerror(errno));
- /* 处理每个新连接上的数据收发结束 */
- }
- close(sockfd);
- return 0;
- }
而“//IPv6” 表示这行代码是在IPv6网络里用的,比较一下,会很容易看到差别的。
客户端源代码如下:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <resolv.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #define MAXBUF 1024
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int sockfd, len;
- /* struct sockaddr_in dest; */ // IPv4
- struct sockaddr_in6 dest; // IPv6
- char buffer[MAXBUF + 1];
- if (argc != 3) {
- printf
- ("参数格式错误!正确用法如下:/n/t/t%s IP地址 端口/n/t比如:/t%s 127.0.0.1 80/n此程序用来从某个 IP 地址的服务器某个端口接收最多 MAXBUF 个字节的消息",
- argv[0], argv[0]);
- exit(0);
- }
- /* 创建一个 socket 用于 tcp 通信 */
- /* if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { */ // IPv4
- if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { // IPv6
- perror("Socket");
- exit(errno);
- }
- printf("socket created/n");
- /* 初始化服务器端(对方)的地址和端口信息 */
- bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
- /* dest.sin_family = AF_INET; */ // IPv4
- dest.sin6_family = AF_INET6; // IPv6
- /* dest.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); */ // IPv4
- dest.sin6_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); // IPv6
- /* if (inet_aton(argv[1], (struct in_addr *) &dest.sin_addr.s_addr) == 0) { */ // IPv4
- if ( inet_pton(AF_INET6, argv[1], &dest.sin6_addr) < 0 ) { // IPv6
- perror(argv[1]);
- exit(errno);
- }
- printf("address created/n");
- /* 连接服务器 */
- if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &dest, sizeof(dest)) != 0) {
- perror("Connect ");
- exit(errno);
- }
- printf("server connected/n");
- /* 接收对方发过来的消息,最多接收 MAXBUF 个字节 */
- bzero(buffer, MAXBUF + 1);
- /* 接收服务器来的消息 */
- len = recv(sockfd, buffer, MAXBUF, 0);
- if (len > 0)
- printf("接收消息成功:'%s',共%d个字节的数据/n",
- buffer, len);
- else
- printf
- ("消息接收失败!错误代码是%d,错误信息是'%s'/n",
- errno, strerror(errno));
- bzero(buffer, MAXBUF + 1);
- strcpy(buffer, "这是客户端发给服务器端的消息/n");
- /* 发消息给服务器 */
- len = send(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
- if (len < 0)
- printf
- ("消息'%s'发送失败!错误代码是%d,错误信息是'%s'/n",
- buffer, errno, strerror(errno));
- else
- printf("消息'%s'发送成功,共发送了%d个字节!/n",
- buffer, len);
- /* 关闭连接 */
- close(sockfd);
- return 0;
- }
编译程序用下列命令:
gcc -Wall ipv6-server.c -o ipv6server
gcc -Wall ipv6-client.c -o ipv6client
你自己的主机有IPv6地址吗?很多人会问,输入ifconfig命令看一下吧:
eth0 链路封装:以太网 硬件地址 00:14:2A:6D:5B:A5 inet 地址:192.168.0.167 广播:192.168.0.255 掩码:255.255.255.0 inet6 地址: fe80::214:2aff:fe6d:5ba5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 跃点数:1 接收数据包:30507 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0 发送数据包:26797 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0 碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 接收字节:31461154 (30.0 MiB) 发送字节:4472810 (4.2 MiB) 中断:185 基本地址:0xe400 lo 链路封装:本地环回 inet 地址:127.0.0.1 掩码:255.0.0.0 inet6 地址: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 跃点数:1 接收数据包:13 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0 发送数据包:13 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0 碰撞:0 发送队列长度:0 接收字节:1178 (1.1 KiB) 发送字节:1178 (1.1 KiB) |
启动服务:
./ipv6server 7838 1
或者加上IP地址启动服务:
./ipv6server 7838 1 fe80::214:2aff:fe6d:5ba5
启动客户端测试一下:
./ipv6client ::1/128 7838
或
./ipv6client fe80::214:2aff:fe6d:5ba5 7838
二、UDP ipv6例子
UDP服务端:
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #define LOCALPORT 8888
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- int mysocket,len;
- int i=0;
- struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
- int addr_len;
- char msg[200];
- char buf[300];
- if((mysocket=socket(AF_INET6,SOCK_DGRAM,0))<0)
- {
- perror("error:");
- return(1);
- }
- else
- {
- printf("socket created ...\n");
- printf("socket id :%d \n",mysocket);
- }
- addr_len=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
- bzero(&addr,sizeof(addr));
- addr.sin6_family=AF_INET6;
- addr.sin6_port=htons(LOCALPORT);
- addr.sin6_addr=in6addr_any;
- if(bind(mysocket,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,sizeof(addr))<0)
- {
- perror("connect");
- return(1);
- }
- else
- {
- printf("bink ok .\n");
- printf("local port : %d\n",LOCALPORT);
- }
- while(1)
- {
- bzero(msg,sizeof(msg));
- len = recvfrom(mysocket,msg,sizeof(msg),0,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,(socklen_t*)&addr_len);
- printf("%d:",i);
- i++;
- inet_ntop(AF_INET6,&addr.sin6_addr,buf,sizeof(buf));
- printf("message from ip %s",buf);
- printf("Received message : %s\n",msg);
- if(sendto(mysocket,msg,len,0,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,addr_len)<0)
- {
- printf("error");
- return(1);
- }
- }
- }
UDP客户端代码:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #define REMOTEPORT 8888
- #define REMOTEIP "::1"
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- int mysocket,len;
- int i=0;
- struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
- int addr_len;
- char msg[200];
- if((mysocket=socket(AF_INET6,SOCK_DGRAM,0))<0)
- {
- perror("error:");
- return(1);
- }
- else
- {
- printf("socket created ...\n");
- printf("socket id :%d \n",mysocket);
- printf("rmote ip : %s\n",REMOTEIP);
- printf("remote port :%d \n",REMOTEPORT);
- }
- addr_len=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
- bzero(&addr,sizeof(addr));
- addr.sin6_family=AF_INET6;
- addr.sin6_port=htons(REMOTEPORT);
- inet_pton(AF_INET6,REMOTEIP,&addr.sin6_addr);
- while(1)
- {
- bzero(msg,sizeof(msg));
- len=read(STDIN_FILENO,msg,sizeof(msg));
- if(sendto(mysocket,msg,sizeof(msg),0,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,addr_len)<0)
- {
- printf("error");
- return(1);
- }
- len=recvfrom(mysocket,msg,sizeof(msg),0,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,(socklen_t*)&addr_len);
- printf("%d:",i);
- i++;
- printf("Received message : %s\n",msg);
- }
- }
"::1"相当于ipv4下的lo,即127网段
三、ipv6环境下inet_pton和inet_ntop
附上一段ipv6环境下inet_pton和inet_ntop函数代码
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- unsigned char buf[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];
- int domain, s;
- char str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
- if(argc != 3){
- fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s {i4|i6|<num>} string\n", argv[0]);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- domain = (strcmp(argv[1], "i4") == 0) ? AF_INET:(strcmp(argv[1], "i6") == 0) ? AF_INET6 : atoi(argv[1]);
- //IP字符串 ——》网络字节流
- s = inet_pton(domain, argv[2], buf);
- if(s<=0)
- {
- if(0 == s)
- fprintf(stderr, "Not in presentation format\n");
- else
- perror("inet_pton");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- //网络字节流 ——》IP字符串
- if(inet_ntop(domain, buf, str, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN) == NULL){
- perror("inet ntop\n");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- printf("%s\n", str);
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
四、兼容IPV4和IPV6地址代码
为了能够兼容ipv4和ipv6,可以组织代码如下:
- #define ADDRESS_BUFFER 50
- typedef class address
- {
- private:
- short int sin_family; //address family AF_INET or AF_INET6
- union
- {
- char binary_addr4[IPV4_LEN];
- char binary_addr6[IPV6_LEN];
- }addr;
- char readable_addr[ADDRESS_BUFFER];
- public:
- address();
- bool operator == (const address &dst) const;
- bool operator != (const address &dst) const { return (*this == dst? false : true );}
- bool operator < (const address &dst) const;
- const char* get_readable_address() const {return readable_addr;}
- int get_family() const {return sin_family;}
- bool is_ipv6() const {return sin_family == AF_INET6;}
- void set_family(int af) {if(af != AF_INET && af != AF_INET6) return; sin_family = af;}
- bool set_from_readable_address(const char* readable_address);
- const char* get_binary_data() {return (char*)&addr;}
- }address;
这里最重要的函数是set_from_readable_address函数,该函数是整个类的入口,执行该函数需要传入一个可读的IP地址,ipv4应该是"xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"形式,ipv6应该是如:“ff01::1”或者"ffec:afaf::111"等可读的格式,返回false代表转换格式遇到错误,下面贴上该函数的实现代码,其它函数有兴趣的可以自己实现
- bool address::set_from_readable_address(const char* readable_address)
- {
- if(readable_address == NULL)
- return false;
- memset(addr.binary_addr6, 0, sizeof(addr.binary_addr6));
- const char*p = readable_address;
- int cnt = 0;
- for(; *p != '\0';p++)
- if(*p == ':')
- cnt++;
- if(cnt >= 2)
- {
- sin_family = AF_INET6;
- if( inet_pton(PF_INET6,readable_address,addr.binary_addr6) <= 0)
- return false;
- strncpy(readable_addr, readable_address, ADDRESS_BUFFER);
- }else
- {
- sin_family = AF_INET;
- if( inet_pton(PF_INET,readable_address,addr.binary_addr4) <= 0)
- return false;
- strncpy(readable_addr, readable_address, ADDRESS_BUFFER);
- }
- return true;
- }