使用.NET操控Windows服務

一、   簡介

在我的上一篇文章《.NET開發Windows服務Step By Step》中，向大家介紹了在.NET環境中如何構建自己的Windows服務，由於Windows服務是長期執行的應用程序，它會自動的去執行我們定義的程式碼，然而在某些時候，我們需要更精確的控制其執行，例如：在某個特定時刻讀取數據庫，然後列印一份報表，對於這樣的操作，我們可能隻希望其執行一次，而不是重復的列印，重復的和數據庫I/O，於是我們希望在程式中加以控制，讓其在滿足一定條件下啟動，完成工作之後停止！幸好，像這樣的功能，.NET Framework中提供了一個叫做ServiceController的元件用與實現！該類型在System.ServiceProcess命名空間中定義。使用該元件可以連接到一個特定的服務(對此隻需要將該類型的ServiceName屬性設定為您想要連接的服務名即可)，並對該服務進行啟動、停止、暫停、繼續等作業，以及獲得某一電腦上現有的服務清單。下面，我們來看一下ServiceController的使用步驟！

二、   使用步驟

1.        建立ServiceController元件

2.        設定ServiceController元件屬性

3.        編寫程序訪問ServiceController元件的功能

若要建立ServiceController元件以及設定其屬性，請遵循一下步驟：

新建一個Windows應用程序，在工具箱的元件菜單中找到ServiceController元件，並將其拖放到窗體上，打開其屬性窗口設置其屬性，見下圖：

接下來我們需要編寫代碼來訪問ServiceController元件的功能，詳見以下范例。

三、   范例

本范例將實現獲取本機電腦上的服務清單，並將其加入到一個列表控件中，當用戶在列表中選擇某個服務時，可對其進行啟動、停止、暫停、繼續等作業，以下是范例的效果圖：

下面是該范例的程式碼：

using System;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Collections;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Data;

using System.ServiceProcess;

 

 

 

namespace ControlService

{

        /// <summary>

        /// Form1 的摘要描述。

        /// </summary>

        public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form

        {

             private System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController serviceController1;

             private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;

             private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;

             private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;

             private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3;

             private System.Windows.Forms.Button button4;

             private System.Windows.Forms.ListView listView1;

             private System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader columnHeader1;

             private System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader columnHeader2;

             private System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader columnHeader3;

             private System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader columnHeader4;

             /// <summary>

             /// 設計工具所需的變數。

             /// </summary>

             private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

             private string connectServiceName = string.Empty;

             private int selectIndex = -1;

 

 

 

             public Form1()

             {

                  //

                  // Windows Form 設計工具支援的必要項

                  //

                  InitializeComponent();

 

 

 

                  //

                  // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 呼叫之後加入任何建構函式程式碼

                  //

             }

 

 

 

             /// <summary>

             /// 清除任何使用中的資源。

             /// </summary>

             protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )

             {

                  if( disposing )

                  {

                        if (components != null)

                        {

                             components.Dispose();

                        }

                  }

                  base.Dispose( disposing );

             }

 

 

 

             #region Windows Form 設計工具產生的程式碼

             /// <summary>

             /// 此為設計工具支援所必須的方法 - 請勿使用程式碼編輯器修改

             /// 這個方法的內容。

             /// </summary>

             private void InitializeComponent()

             {

                  this.serviceController1 = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController();

                  this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

                  this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

                  this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

                  this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

                  this.button4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

                  this.listView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListView();

                  this.columnHeader1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader();

                  this.columnHeader2 = new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader();

                  this.columnHeader3 = new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader();

                  this.columnHeader4 = new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader();

                  this.SuspendLayout();

                  //

                  // label1

                  //

this.label1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)

                   | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));

                  this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);

                  this.label1.Name = "label1";

                  this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(608, 23);

                  this.label1.TabIndex = 0;

this.label1.Text = "通過ServiceController元件對Windows服務交互，本范例將與名為MyFirstService的服務交互";

                  this.label1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

                  //

                  // button1

                  //

                  this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 40);

                  this.button1.Name = "button1";

                  this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 24);

                  this.button1.TabIndex = 1;

                  this.button1.Text = "啟動服務";

                  this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);

                  //

                  // button2

                  //

                  this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(136, 40);

                  this.button2.Name = "button2";

                  this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 24);

                  this.button2.TabIndex = 2;

                  this.button2.Text = "停止服務";

                  this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);

                  //

                  // button3

                  //

                  this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(272, 40);

                   this.button3.Name = "button3";

                   this.button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 24);

                  this.button3.TabIndex = 3;

                  this.button3.Text = "暫停服務";

                   this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button3_Click);

                   //

                  // button4

                  //

                   this.button4.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;

                   this.button4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(408, 40);

                  this.button4.Name = "button4";

                  this.button4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 24);

                   this.button4.TabIndex = 4;

                   this.button4.Text = "繼續服務";

                  this.button4.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button4_Click);

                  //

                   // listView1

                   //

this.listView1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom)

                   | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)

                   | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));

this.listView1.Columns.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnHeader[] {                                                                       this.columnHeader1,                                                   this.columnHeader2,

                           this.columnHeader3,

                        this.columnHeader4});

                  this.listView1.FullRowSelect = true;

                  this.listView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 80);

                  this.listView1.Name = "listView1";

                  this.listView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(608, 240);

                  this.listView1.TabIndex = 5;

                  this.listView1.View = System.Windows.Forms.View.Details;

this.listView1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.listView1_SelectedIndexChanged);

                  //

                   // columnHeader1

                   //

                   this.columnHeader1.Text = "全稱";

                   this.columnHeader1.Width = 200;

                   //

                   // columnHeader2

                   //

                   this.columnHeader2.Text = "簡稱";

                   this.columnHeader2.Width = 150;

                   //

                   // columnHeader3

                   //

                   this.columnHeader3.Text = "狀態";

                   this.columnHeader3.Width = 100;

                   //

                   // columnHeader4

                   //

                   this.columnHeader4.Text = "登錄身份";

                   this.columnHeader4.Width = 100;

                   //

                   // Form1

                   //

                   this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 15);

                   this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(608, 325);

                   this.Controls.Add(this.listView1);

                   this.Controls.Add(this.button4);

                   this.Controls.Add(this.button3);

                   this.Controls.Add(this.button2);

                   this.Controls.Add(this.button1);

                   this.Controls.Add(this.label1);

                   this.Name = "Form1";

                   this.Text = "Form1";

                   this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);

                   this.ResumeLayout(false);

  

              }

              #endregion

  

             /// <summary>

              /// 應用程式的主進入點。

              /// </summary>

              [STAThread]

             static void Main()

              {

                   Application.Run(new Form1());

             }

  

             private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

             {

                  this.GetServiceToListView();

              }

  

             private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

              {

                   // 判斷服務的狀態是否為停止狀態

                   if (this.serviceController1.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)

                        return;

                  

                   // 啟動服務

                   this.serviceController1.Start();

                   this.GetServiceToListView();

                   if (this.selectIndex >= 0)

                   {

this.listView1.Items[this.selectIndex].SubItems[2].Text = "已啟動";

                   }

             }

 

 

 

             private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

             {

                  // 判斷服務是否可以停止

                  if (this.serviceController1.CanStop == false)

                  {

                        MessageBox.Show("當前選定服務不允許停止作業");

                        return;

                  }

 

 

 

                  // 停止服務

                  this.serviceController1.Stop();

                  this.GetServiceToListView();

                  if (this.selectIndex >= 0)

                  {

this.listView1.Items[this.selectIndex].SubItems[2].Text = "已停止";

                  }

             }

 

 

 

             private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

             {

                  // 判斷服務是否可以暫停或繼續

                  if (this.serviceController1.CanPauseAndContinue == false)

                  {

                        MessageBox.Show("當前選定服務不允許暫停作業");

                        return;

                  }

 

 

 

                  // 暫停服務

                  this.serviceController1.Pause();

                  this.GetServiceToListView();

                  if (this.selectIndex >= 0)

                  {

this.listView1.Items[this.selectIndex].SubItems[2].Text = "已暫停";

                  }

             }

 

 

 

             private void button4_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

             {

                  // 判斷服務是否可以暫停或繼續

                  if (this.serviceController1.CanPauseAndContinue == false)

                  {

                       MessageBox.Show("當前選定服務不允許繼續作業");

                       return;

                  }

 

 

 

                  // 繼續服務

                  this.serviceController1.Continue();

                  this.GetServiceToListView();

                  if (this.selectIndex >= 0)

                  {

this.listView1.Items[this.selectIndex].SubItems[2].Text = "已啟動";

                  }

             }

       

             // 獲取服務清單並將其加入到ListView中

             private void GetServiceToListView()

             {

                  ListViewItem item;

                  ServiceController[] serviceColl = ServiceController.GetServices();

 

 

 

                  this.listView1.Items.Clear();

                  for(int i = 0; i < serviceColl.Length; i++)

                  {

                        item = new ListViewItem(serviceColl[i].DisplayName);

                        item.SubItems.Add(serviceColl[i].ServiceName);

                                           item.SubItems.Add(this.GetServiceStatusText(serviceColl[i].Status.ToString()));

                        if (serviceColl[i].MachineName == ".")

                             item.SubItems.Add("SKYBEAN");

                        else

                             item.SubItems.Add(serviceColl[i].MachineName);

                        this.listView1.Items.Add(item);

                   }

             }

 

 

 

             private string GetServiceStatusText(string statusName)

             {

                  string statusText = string.Empty;

 

 

 

                  switch (statusName)

                  {

                       case "ContinuePending":

                             statusText = "已啟動";

                              break;

                        case "Paused":

                              statusText = "已暫停";

                              break;

                        case "PausePending":

                              statusText = "正在暫停";

                              break;

                        case "Running":

                              statusText = "已啟動";

                              break;

                        case "StartPending":

                              statusText = "正在啟動";

                              break;

                        case "Stopped":

                              statusText = "已停止";

                              break;

                        case "StopPending":

                              statusText = "正在停止";

                              break;

                        default:

                              break;

                   }

       

                   return statusText;

              }

                 

              // 當選中一個ListView項時，將其連接到ServiceController控件

             private void listView1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

             {

                  foreach (ListViewItem item in this.listView1.SelectedItems)

                  {

                       this.connectServiceName = item.SubItems[1].Text;

                        this.selectIndex = item.Index;

                  }

                  this.serviceController1.ServiceName = this.connectServiceName;

             }

        }

}

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