Default Parameter values
默认形参值
This ensure that the argument for that parameter is clear in purpose if value is provided when the function is called.
如果已经定义了默认值，那么调用函数时就可以省略该形参。
Variadic Parameters 可变形参
| vt. | 指定;详述;提出…的条件;使具有特性 |
You use a varadic parameter to specify that the parameter can be passed a varying number of input values when the function is called.
当函数被调用的时候，你可以指定使用可以接受任意数量的输入值的可变形参。
The values passed to a variadic parameter are made available within the function's
body as an array of the appropriate type.
传递至可变形参的值在函数主体内是以适当类型的数组存在的。
Constant and Variable Parameters 常量形参和可变形参
| manipulation | |
| [英]məˌnɪpjʊ'leɪʃn | [美]məˌnɪpjʊˈleʃən |
| n. | （熟练的）操作;操纵;控制;（对账目等的）伪造 |
You write an in-out parameter by palcing the inout keyword at the start of its parameter definition .An in-out parameter has a value that is passed in to the function,is modified by the function ,and is passed back out of the function to repalce
the original value.
通过在形参定义的开始添加inout关键字来编写in-out 形参。in-out形参有一个传递致函数的值，由函数修改，并从函数返回来替换原来的值。
| ampersand | [英]ˈæmpəsænd | [美]ˈæmpərsænd |
| n. | 的记号名称 |
You place an ampersand (&) directly before a variable's name when you pass it as an argument to an inout parameter,to indicate that it can be modified by the function.
当你把变来给你作为实参传递给in-out形参的时候，需要直接在变量的前面添加一个&，以标明它可以被函数修改。
function types as return Types
作为返回类型的函数类型
The preceding example works out whether a positive or negative step is needed to move a variable called currentValue progressive closer to zero.
前面的例子可以计算出是否需要通过递增或者递减让currentValue变量趋于0.
Closuers 闭包
Closure can capture and store references to any constant and variables from the context in which they are dedined .This is known as closing over those constants
and variables,hence the name "closure". Swift handles all of the memory management of capturing for you .
闭包可以捕获和存储其所在上下文中的任意常量和变量的应用。这就是所谓的闭包包裹这这些常量和变量，俗称闭包。Swift会为您管理在捕获过程中涉及到的内存操作。
| identical to | |
| [英]aiˈdentikəl tu: | [美]aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tu |
Note that the declaration of parameters and return type for this online closure is
identical to the declaration from the backwords function.
需要注意的是关联闭包参数和返回值类型声明相同backwords函数声明函数类型声明相同。
The start of the closure's body is introduced by the in keyword. This keyword
indicates that the definition of the closure's parameters and return type has finished ,and the body of the closure is about to begin.
闭包的函数体部分关键值 in 引入。该关键字表示闭包的参数和返回值类型定义已经完成，闭包函数整体即将开始。
This illustrate that the overall call to the sort function has remianed the same .
这说明sort函数的整体调用保持不变。
Inferring Type Fom context.
根据上下文推断类型
As a result ,you rarely need to write an inline closure in its fullest form.
你几乎不需要利用完整格式构造任何内联闭包。
In the case of the sort function,the purpose of the closure is clear from the face that sorting is taking place ,and it is safe for a reader to assure that the closure is likely to be working with String values,because it is assisting with the sorting of an array of strings.
这个排序函数例子，闭包的目的很明确，即排序被替换，而且对于读者可以安全的假设闭包可能会使用字符串值，因为它正协助一个字符串数组进行排序。
Shorthand Argument Names
参数名简写
Operator function 运算符函数
| vt. vi. | 注解，注释 |
| n. | 注释者 |
Enumeration 枚举
| specify | [英]ˈspesɪfaɪ | [美]ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ |
| vt. | 指定;详述;提出…的条件;使具有特性 |
| vi. | 明确提出，详细说明 |
Alternatively ,enumeration members can specifu associated values of any type to be stored along with each different member value ,much as unions or variants do in other languages.
此外，枚举成员可以指定任何类型的关联值存储到枚举成员值中，就像其他语言中的联合体（unions）和变体（Variants）。
| adv. | 明白地，明确地 |
。Matching Enumeration Values with a Switch Statement
匹配枚举值和Switch语句
Requiring exhaustiveness ensure that enumeration member are not accidentally omitted.
全面性的要求确保了枚举成员不会被意外遗漏。
Associated values 关联值
For example，suppose an inventory tracking system needs to track products by two different types of barcode .some products are labeled with ID barcodes in UPC-A format ，which uses the numbers 0 to 9.Each barcode has a "number system " digit,
followed by ten "identifier " digits. There are followed by a "check" digit to verify that the code has been scanned correctly.
This time,however ,the associated values can be extracted as part of the switch statement.
这次关联值可以被提取作为switch语句的一部分。
You can place a single var or annotation before the member name.
你可以只放置一个var或者let标注在成员名称前。
Raw values 原始值
As an alternative to associated values ,enumeration members can come prepopulated with default values (called raw values),which are all of the same type .
作为关联值的替代，枚举类型可以被默认值（成为原始值）预先填充，其中这些原始值具有相同的类型。
| n. | 精炼，提纯，净化;改良品;细微的改良，极致;优雅，高贵的动作 |
The enumeration below is a refinement of the earlier Planet enumeration ,with raw values to represent each planet's order from the sun.
下面的枚举是对之前的planet这个枚举的一个细化，利用原始值类型来表示每个planet在太阳系中的顺序。
594
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
