一、关于runtime
之前在项目中有遇到过用runtime解决改变全局字体的问题,所以再一次感受到了runtime黑魔法的强大,趁现在有机会分享一下对runtime的一些理解。在对象调用方法是Objective-C中经常使用的功能,也就是消息的传递,而Objective-C是C的超集,所以和C不同的是,Objective-C使用的是动态绑定,也就是runtime。Objective-C的消息传递和消息机制也就不多说了,今天主要说的是动态方法,也就是函数的调用。
二、相关的几个函数
下面一张图详细的概括了每个函数调用的先后以及执行的前提
消息传递函数的调用
1.对象在收到无法解读的消息后,首先会调用所属类的
- +
(BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel
这个方法在运行时,没有找到SEL的IML时就会执行。这个函数是给类利用class_addMethod添加函数的机会。根据文档,如果实现了添加函数代码则返回YES,未实现返回NO。举个例子,新建了一个工程,首先我在ViewController这个类中执行doSomething1这个方法,代码如下
- //
- //
ViewController.m - //
RuntimeTest1 - //
- //
Created by HenryCheng on 15/12/24. - //
Copyright ?(版权符号) 2015年 www.igancao.com All rights reserved. - //
-
- #import
"ViewController.h" -
- @interface
ViewController () -
- @end
-
- @implementation
ViewController -
- -
(void)viewDidLoad { -
[super viewDidLoad]; -
[self performSelector:@selector(doSomething)]; - }
-
- -
(void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { -
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; -
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. - }
-
- @end
运行结果
- **2015-12-24
10:35:37.726 RuntimeTest1[1877:337842] -[ViewController doSomething]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x7fe9f3736680** - **2015-12-24
10:35:37.729 RuntimeTest1[1877:337842] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentExcepti on', reason: '-[ViewController doSomething]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x7fe9f3736680'** - *****
First throw call stack:**
不出意外,程序崩溃,因为没有找到doSomething这个方法,下面我们在里面实现 + (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel这个方法,并且判断如果SEL 是doSomething那就输出add method here
- //
- //
ViewController.m - //
RuntimeTest1 - //
- //
Created by HenryCheng on 15/12/24. - //
Copyright ?(版权符号) 2015年 www.igancao.com All rights reserved. - //
-
- #import
"ViewController.h" -
- @interface
ViewController () -
- @end
-
- @implementation
ViewController -
- -
(void)viewDidLoad { -
[super viewDidLoad]; -
[self performSelector:@selector(doSomething)]; - }
-
- +
(BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel { -
if (sel == @selector(doSomething)) { -
NSLog(@"add method here"); -
return YES; -
} -
return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel]; - }
-
- -
(void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { -
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; -
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. - }
-
- @end
继续运行,然后看到log
- **2015-12-24
10:47:24.687 RuntimeTest1[2007:382077] add method here** - **2015-12-24
10:47:24.687 RuntimeTest1[2007:382077] -[ViewController doSomething]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x7f9568c331f0** - **2015-12-24
10:47:24.690 RuntimeTest1[2007:382077] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentExcepti on', reason: '-[ViewController doSomething]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x7f9568c331f0'** - *****
First throw call stack:**
可以看到程序依然是崩溃了,但是我们可以看到输出了add method here,这说明我们 + (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel这个方法执行了,并进入了判断,所以,在这儿,我们可以做一下操作,使这个方法得到相应,不至于走到最后- (void)doesNotRecognizeSelector
- //
- //
ViewController.m - //
RuntimeTest1 - //
- //
Created by HenryCheng on 15/12/24. - //
Copyright ?(版权符号) 2015年 www.igancao.com All rights reserved. - //
-
- #import
"ViewController.h" -
- #import
[objc/runtime.h](因识别问题,此处将尖括号改为方括号) -
- @interface
ViewController () -
- @end
-
- @implementation
ViewController -
- -
(void)viewDidLoad { -
[super viewDidLoad]; -
[self performSelector:@selector(doSomething)]; - }
-
- +
(BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel { -
if (sel == @selector(doSomething)) { -
NSLog(@"add method here"); -
class_addMethod([self class], sel, (IMP)dynamicMethodIMP, "v@:"); -
return YES; -
} -
return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel]; - }
- void
dynamicMethodIMP (id self, SEL _cmd) { -
NSLog(@"doSomething SEL"); - }
-
- -
(void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { -
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; -
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. - }
-
- @end
导入了并且在+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel中执行了class_addMethod这个方法,然后定义了一个void dynamicMethodIMP (id self, SEL _cmd)这个函数,运行工程,看log
- **2015-12-24
11:45:11.934 RuntimeTest1[2284:478571] add method here** - **2015-12-24
11:45:11.934 RuntimeTest1[2284:478571] doSomething SEL**
这时候我们发现,程序并没有崩溃,而且还输出了doSomething SEL,这时候就说明我们已经通过runtime成功的向我们这个类中添加了一个方法。关于class_addMethod这个方法,是这样定义的
- OBJC_EXPORT
BOOL class_addMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types)
-
cls
在这个类中添加方法,也就是方法所添加的类 -
name
方法名,这个可以随便起的 -
imp
实现这个方法的函数 -
types 定义该数返回值类型和参数类型的字符串,这里比如"v@:",其中v就是void,带表返回类型就是空,@代表参数,这里指的是id(self),这里:指的是方法SEL(_cmd),比如我再定义一个函数
- int
newMethod (id self, SEL _cmd, NSString *str) { -
-
return 100; - }
那么添加这个函数的方法就应该是ass_addMethod([self class], @selector(newMethod), (IMP)newMethod, "i@:@");
2.如果在+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel中没有找到或者添加方法
消息继续往下传递到- (id)forwardingTargetForSelec
- //
- //
SecondViewController.m - //
RuntimeTest2 - //
- //
Created by HenryCheng on 15/12/24. - //
Copyright ?(版权符号) 2015年 www.igancao.com All rights reserved. - //
-
- #import
"SecondViewController.h" -
- @interface
SecondViewController () -
- @end
-
- @implementation
SecondViewController -
- -
(void)viewDidLoad { -
[super viewDidLoad]; -
// Do any additional setup after loading the view. - }
-
- -
(void)secondVCMethod { -
NSLog(@"This is secondVC method !"); - }
-
- -
(void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { -
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; -
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. - }
-
-
-
- @end
工程结构应该是这样的
工程目录图
现在我想在ViewController中调用- (void)secondVCMethod这个方法,我们知道ViewController和SecondViewController并无继承关系,按照正常的步骤去做程序肯定会因为在ViewController找不到- (void)secondVCMethod这个方法而直接崩溃的
- //
- //
ViewController.m - //
RuntimeTest2 - //
- //
Created by HenryCheng on 15/12/24. - //
Copyright ?(版权符号) 2015年 www.igancao.com All rights reserved. - //
-
- #import
"ViewController.h" - #import
@interface ViewController () -
- @end
-
- @implementation
ViewController -
- -
(void)viewDidLoad { -
[super viewDidLoad]; -
[self performSelector:@selector(secondVCMethod)]; - }
-
- -
(void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { -
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; -
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. - }
-
- @end
运行结果
- **2015-12-24
13:54:44.314 RuntimeTest2[3164:835814] -[ViewController secondVCMethod]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x7fc3a8535c10** - **2015-12-24
13:54:44.317 RuntimeTest2[3164:835814] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentExcepti on', reason: '-[ViewController secondVCMethod]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x7fc3a8535c10'** - *****
First throw call stack:**
现在我们来处理一下这个消息,如下
- //
- //
ViewController.m - //
RuntimeTest2 - //
- //
Created by HenryCheng on 15/12/24. - //
Copyright ?(版权符号) 2015年 www.igancao.com All rights reserved. - //
-
- #import
"ViewController.h" - #import
@interface ViewController () -
- @end
-
- @implementation
ViewController -
- -
(void)viewDidLoad { -
[super viewDidLoad]; -
[self performSelector:@selector(secondVCMethod)]; - }
-
- -
(id)forwardingTargetForSelec tor:(SEL)aSelector { -
Class class = NSClassFromString(@"SecondViewController"); -
UIViewController *vc = class.new; -
if (aSelector == NSSelectorFromString(@"secondVCMethod")) { -
NSLog(@"secondVC do this !"); -
return vc; -
} -
-
return nil; - }
-
- +
(BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel { -
-
return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel]; - }
-
- -
(void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { -
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; -
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. - }
- @end
运行结果
- **2015-12-24
14:00:34.168 RuntimeTest2[3284:870957] secondVC do this !** - **2015-12-24
14:00:34.169 RuntimeTest2[3284:870957] This is secondVC method !**
我们会发现- (void)secondVCMethod这个方法执行了,程序也并没有崩溃,原因就是在这一步
- -
(id)forwardingTargetForSelec tor:(SEL)aSelector { -
Class class = NSClassFromString(@"SecondViewController"); -
UIViewController *vc = class.new; -
if (aSelector == NSSelectorFromString(@"secondVCMethod")) { -
NSLog(@"secondVC do this !"); -
return vc; -
} -
-
return nil; - }
在没有找到- (void)secondVCMethod这个方法的时候,消息继续传递,直到- (id)forwardingTargetForSelec
三、最后一点
当然,还有好几个函数,在上面那张图里面已经清晰的表达了,有兴趣的可以自己试试,看看消息的传递顺序到底是怎么样的。上面提到的这些知识runtime的冰山一角,runtime黑魔法的强大远不止于此,比如方法的调配(Method Swizzling)等,在项目实战中还是很有用的,后面有时间会再介绍.
参考