SSH 和 SSM 的定义
本人经历过两种技术架构,分别是常说的 SSH 和 SSM ,SSH 在本科的时候老师就教过。SSM 则是去公司后用的比较多。现在我想将这两大阵营的技术做一下对比。由于本人能力有限,涉及技术较多,我只从具体的应用方面做一些对比。
SSH 通常指的是 Struts2 做前端控制器,spring 管理各层的组件,hibernate 负责持久化层。
SSM 则指的是 SpringMVC 做前端控制器,Spring 管理各层的组件,MyBatis 负责持久化层。
共同之处是都使用了Spring的依赖注入DI来管理各层的组件,使用了面向切面编程AOP来实现日志管理,权限认证,事务等通用功能的切入。
不同之处是 Struts2 和 SpringMVC 做前端控制器的区别,以及 Hibernate 和 MyBatis 做持久化时的区别。但是,Struts2 也可以和 MyBatis 搭配使用,SpringMVC 也可以和 Hibernate 搭配使用。本文为了简化对比,指定 Struts2 要和 Hibernate 搭配,SpringMVC 要和 MyBatis 搭配。
SSH 和 SSM 的实现原理区别
所在分层 | SSH | SSM |
---|---|---|
页面层(View) | JSP | JSP |
控制器层(Controller) | Struts2 | SpringMVC |
业务层(Service) | Java | Java |
持久层(DAO) | Hibernate | MyBatis |
数据库层(DB) | MySQL/Oracle | MySQL/Oracle |
组件管理(Bean) | Spring | Spring |
(1) Struts2 的原理
一个请求在Struts2框架中的处理大概分为以下几个步骤:
1、客户端初始化一个指向Servlet容器(例如Tomcat)的请求
2、这个请求经过一系列的过滤器(Filter)(这些过滤器中有一个叫做ActionContextCleanUp的可选过滤器,这个过滤器对于Struts2和其他框架的集成很有帮助,例如:SiteMesh Plugin)
3、接着FilterDispatcher被调用,FilterDispatcher询问ActionMapper来决定这个请求是否需要调用某个Action
FilterDispatcher是控制器的核心,就是mvc中c控制层的核心。下面粗略的分析下FilterDispatcher工作流程和原理:FilterDispatcher进行初始化并启用核心doFilter。
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">doFilter</span>(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> IOException, ServletException { showDeprecatedWarning(); HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext(); String timerKey = <span class="hljs-string">"FilterDispatcher_doFilter: "</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { <span class="hljs-comment">// FIXME: this should be refactored better to not duplicate work with the action invocation</span> ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack(); ActionContext ctx = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ActionContext(stack.getContext()); ActionContext.setContext(ctx); UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey); request = prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest(request, response); ActionMapping mapping; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { <span class="hljs-comment">//在这里找到Action的映射器</span> mapping = actionMapper.getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager()); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception ex) { log.error(<span class="hljs-string">"error getting ActionMapping"</span>, ex); dispatcher.sendError(request, response, servletContext, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, ex); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment">//没有此Action的话,就去查找静态资源</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (mapping == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource?</span> String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-string">""</span>.equals(resourcePath) && <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> != request.getPathInfo()) { resourcePath = request.getPathInfo(); } <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (staticResourceLoader.canHandle(resourcePath)) { staticResourceLoader.findStaticResource(resourcePath, request, response); } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> { <span class="hljs-comment">// this is a normal request, let it pass through</span> chain.doFilter(request, response); } <span class="hljs-comment">// The framework did its job here</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment">//有此Action的话则把控制权交给ActionProxy</span> dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { dispatcher.cleanUpRequest(request); <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { ActionContextCleanUp.cleanUp(req); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey); } devModeOverride.remove(); } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li></ul>
4、如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action,FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy
<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-literal">void</span> serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext context, ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException { <span class="hljs-built_in">Map</span><span class="hljs-subst"><</span><span class="hljs-built_in">String</span>, Object<span class="hljs-subst">></span> extraContext <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> createContextMap(request, response, mapping, context); <span class="hljs-comment">// If there was a previous value stack, then create a new copy and pass it in to be used by the new Action</span> ValueStack <span class="hljs-built_in">stack</span> <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> (ValueStack) request<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getAttribute(ServletActionContext<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY); boolean nullStack <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">stack</span> <span class="hljs-subst">==</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (nullStack) { ActionContext ctx <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> ActionContext<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getContext(); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (ctx <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-built_in">stack</span> <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> ctx<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getValueStack(); } } <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-built_in">stack</span> <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>) { extraContext<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>put(ActionContext<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>VALUE_STACK, valueStackFactory<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>createValueStack(<span class="hljs-built_in">stack</span>)); } <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> timerKey <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Handling request from Dispatcher"</span>; try { UtilTimerStack<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>push(timerKey); <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> namespace <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mapping<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getNamespace(); <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> name <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mapping<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getName(); <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> method <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mapping<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getMethod(); <span class="hljs-comment">//获取配置文件</span> Configuration config <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> configurationManager<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getConfiguration(); <span class="hljs-comment">//根据配置文件找到此Action并生成ActionProxy</span> ActionProxy proxy <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> config<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getContainer()<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getInstance(ActionProxyFactory<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>class)<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>createActionProxy( namespace, name, method, extraContext, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>); request<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>setAttribute(ServletActionContext<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getInvocation()<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getStack()); <span class="hljs-comment">// if the ActionMapping says to go straight to a result, do it!</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (mapping<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getResult() <span class="hljs-subst">!=</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">null</span>) { Result result <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> mapping<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getResult(); <span class="hljs-comment">//ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例</span> result<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>execute(proxy<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getInvocation()); } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> { proxy<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>execute(); } <span class="hljs-comment">// If there was a previous value stack then set it back onto the request</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-subst">!</span>nullStack) { request<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>setAttribute(ServletActionContext<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, <span class="hljs-built_in">stack</span>); } } catch (ConfigurationException e) { logConfigurationException(request, e); sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>SC_NOT_FOUND, e); } catch (Exception e) { <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (handleException <span class="hljs-subst">||</span> devMode) { sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e); } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> { throw <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> ServletException(e); } } finally { UtilTimerStack<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>pop(timerKey); } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li></ul>
5、ActionProxy通过Configuration Manager询问框架的配置文件,找到需要调用的Action类
6、ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例。
7、ActionInvocation实例使用命名模式来调用,在调用Action的过程前后,涉及到相关拦截器(Intercepter)的调用。
8、一旦Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation负责根据struts.xml中的配置找到对应的返回结果。返回结果通常是(但不总是,也可 能是另外的一个Action链)一个需要被表示的JSP或者FreeMarker的模版。
9、将处理结果返回给客户端
(2) SpringMVC 的原理
执行步骤:
第一步:发起请求到前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
第二步:前端控制器请求HandlerMapping查找 Handler
可以根据xml配置、注解进行查找
第三步:处理器映射器HandlerMapping向前端控制器返回Handler
第四步:前端控制器调用处理器适配器去执行Handler
第五步:处理器适配器去执行Handler
第六步:Handler执行完成给适配器返回ModelAndView
第七步:处理器适配器向前端控制器返回ModelAndView
ModelAndView是SpringMVC框架的一个底层对象,包括 Model和view
第八步:前端控制器请求视图解析器去进行视图解析
根据逻辑视图名解析成真正的视图(jsp)
第九步:视图解析器向前端控制器返回View
第十步:前端控制器进行视图渲染
视图渲染将模型数据(在ModelAndView对象中)填充到request域
第十一步:前端控制器向用户响应结果
(3) Hibernate 的原理
1.通过Configuration().configure();读取并解析hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件
2.由hibernate.cfg.xml中的<mapping resource="com/xx/User.hbm.xml"/>
读取并解析映射信息
3.通过config.buildSessionFactory();//创建SessionFactory
4.sessionFactory.openSession();//打开Sesssion
5.session.beginTransaction();//创建事务Transation
6.persistent operate持久化操作
7.session.getTransaction().commit();//提交事务
8.关闭Session
9.关闭SesstionFactory
(4) MyBatis原理
MyBatis框架执行过程:
1、配置MyBatis的配置文件,SqlMapConfig.xml(名称不固定)
2、通过配置文件,加载MyBatis运行环境,创建SqlSessionFactory会话工厂
SqlSessionFactory 在实际使用时按单例方式。
3、通过SqlSessionFactory创建SqlSession
SqlSession 是一个面向用户接口(提供操作数据库方法),实现对象是线程不安全的,建议sqlSession应用场合在方法体内。
4、调用 sqlSession 的方法去操作数据。
如果需要提交事务,需要执行 SqlSession 的 commit() 方法。
5、释放资源,关闭SqlSession
Struts2 和 SpringMVC 在 web.xml 中配置的不同
(1) Struts2
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">filter</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">filter-name</span>></span>struts2<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">filter-name</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">filter-class</span>></span>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">filter-class</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">init-param</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">param-name</span>></span>filterConfig<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">param-name</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">param-value</span>></span>classpath:struts2/struts.xml<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">param-value</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">init-param</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">filter</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">filter-mapping</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">filter-name</span>></span>struts2<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">filter-name</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">url-pattern</span>></span>/*<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">url-pattern</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">filter-mapping</span>></span> </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li></ul>
Struts2使用Filter嵌入自己的框架。配置文件加载顺序为:default.properties -> struts-default.xml -> struts-plugins.xml -> struts.xml -> struts.locale。
加载顺序可以参考这篇文章的源码分析了解更多。https://my.oschina.net/gschen/blog/121433
(2) SpringMVC
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- springmvc前端控制器,rest配置 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">servlet</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">servlet-name</span>></span>springmvc_rest<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">servlet-name</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">servlet-class</span>></span>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">servlet-class</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- contextConfigLocation配置springmvc加载的配置文件(配置处理器映射器、适配器等等) 如果不配置contextConfigLocation,默认加载的是/WEB-INF/servlet名称-serlvet.xml(springmvc-servlet.xml) --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">init-param</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">param-name</span>></span>contextConfigLocation<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">param-name</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">param-value</span>></span>classpath:spring/springmvc.xml<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">param-value</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">init-param</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">servlet</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">servlet-mapping</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">servlet-name</span>></span>springmvc_rest<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">servlet-name</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">url-pattern</span>></span>/<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">url-pattern</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">servlet-mapping</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li></ul>
SpringMVC使用Servlet嵌入自己的框架。
(3)web.xml不同之处
SpringMVC的入口是Servlet,而Struts2是Filter(这里要指出,Filter和Servlet是不同的。以前认为filter是servlet的一种特殊),这就导致了二者的机制不同,这里就牵涉到Servlet和Filter的区别了。但是这只是接管用户请求的两种不同方式而已,控制权被Struts2和SpringMVC掌握之后,想做什么事都是可以做到的。
Servlet
servlet是一种运行服务器端的Java应用程序,具有独立于平台和协议的特性,并且可以动态的生成web页面,它工作在客户端请求与服务器响应的中间层。最早支持 Servlet 技术的是 JavaSoft 的 Java Web Server。此后,一些其它的基于 Java 的 Web Server 开始支持标准的 Servlet API。Servlet 的主要功能在于交互式地浏览和修改数据,生成动态 Web 内容。这个过程为:
1) 客户端发送请求至服务器端;
2) 服务器将请求信息发送至 Servlet;
3) Servlet 生成响应内容并将其传给服务器。响应内容动态生成,通常取决于客户端的请求;
4) 服务器将响应返回给客户端。
在 Web 应用程序中,一个 Servlet 在一个时刻可能被多个用户同时访问。这时 Web 容器将为每个用户创建一个线程来执行 Servlet。如果 Servlet 不涉及共享资源的问题,不必关心多线程问题。但如果 Servlet 需要共享资源,需要保证 Servlet 是线程安全的。
为了简化开发流程,Servlet 3.0 引入了注解(annotation),这使得 web 部署描述符 web.xml 不再是必须的选择。
Filter:Filter是一个可以复用的代码片段,可以用来转换HTTP请求、响应和头信息。Filter不像Servlet,它不能产生一个请求或者响应,它只是修改对某一资源的请求,或者修改从某一的响应。Servlet中的过滤器Filter是实现了javax.servlet.Filter接口的服务器端程序,主要的用途是过滤字符编码、做一些业务逻辑判断等。其工作原理是,只要你在web.xml文件配置好要拦截的客户端请求,它都会帮你拦截到请求,此时你就可以对请求或响应(Request、Response)统一设置编码,简化操作;同时还可进行逻辑判断,如用户是否已经登陆、有没有权限访问该页面等等工作。它是随你的web应用启动而启动的,只初始化一次,以后就可以拦截相关请求,只有当你的web应用停止或重新部署的时候才销毁。Filter可认为是Servlet的一种“变种”,它主要用于对用户请求进行预处理,也可以对HttpServletResponse进行后处理,是个典型的处理链。它与Servlet的区别在于:它不能直接向用户生成响应。完整的流程是:Filter对用户请求进行预处理,接着将请求交给Servlet进行处理并生成响应,最后Filter再对服务器响应进行后处理。
Servlet与Filter的区别可以从这篇文章了解更多。http://www.cnblogs.com/doit8791/p/4209442.html
Struts2 和 SpringMVC 处理用户请求的不同
Struts2和SpringMVC的核心都是接管用户的请求,解决传统Servlet开发过于繁琐,重用性不高的问题。
Struts2和SpringMVC都有注解和配置文件两种匹配用户请求URL的方式。
Struts2注解方式匹配URL
参考网址:http://struts.apache.org/docs/convention-plugin.html
首先需要将架包(struts2-convention-plugin-xxx.jar)导入工程中
示例
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.example.actions; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Actions; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results; <span class="hljs-annotation">@Results</span>({ <span class="hljs-annotation">@Result</span>(name=<span class="hljs-string">"failure"</span>, location=<span class="hljs-string">"fail.jsp"</span>) }) <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">HelloWorld</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">ActionSupport</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Action</span>(value=<span class="hljs-string">"/different/url"</span>, results={<span class="hljs-annotation">@Result</span>(name=<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, location=<span class="hljs-string">"http://struts.apache.org"</span>, type=<span class="hljs-string">"redirect"</span>)} ) <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">execute</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> SUCCESS; } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Action</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"/another/url"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">doSomething</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> SUCCESS; } } </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li></ul>
Struts2配置方式匹配URL
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">package</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"package"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">namespace</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"/different"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">extends</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"struts-default"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">global-results</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"failure"</span>></span>/fail.jsp<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">result</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">global-results</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"url"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.example.actions.HelloWorld"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">method</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"execute"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"success"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"redirect"</span>></span>http://struts.apache.org<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">result</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">action</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">package</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">package</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"package2"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">namespace</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"/another"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">extends</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"struts-default"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">global-results</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"failure"</span>></span>/fail.jsp<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">result</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">global-results</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"url"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.example.actions.HelloWorld"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">method</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"doSomething"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">action</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">package</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li></ul>
SpringMVC注解方式匹配URL
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">package <span class="hljs-keyword">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jpkc</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.controller</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import javax<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.servlet</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.http</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.HttpServletRequest</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import javax<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.servlet</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.http</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.HttpServletResponse</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import javax<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.servlet</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.http</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.HttpSession</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.beans</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.factory</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.annotation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.Autowired</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.stereotype</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.Controller</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.web</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.bind</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.annotation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.RequestMapping</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.web</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.bind</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.annotation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.RequestMethod</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.web</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.servlet</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ModelAndView</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> @RequestMapping(<span class="hljs-string">"/admin"</span>) @Controller public class LoginController { @RequestMapping(<span class="hljs-string">"/admin_home"</span>) public String admin_home() throws Exception { return <span class="hljs-string">"forward:/shop/index.jsp"</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> } @RequestMapping(<span class="hljs-string">"/exit"</span>) public String logout(ModelAndView model, HttpSession session) throws Exception { session<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.invalidate</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> return <span class="hljs-string">"redirect:/manager/login.jsp"</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> } } </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li></ul>
SpringMVC配置方式匹配URL
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">ItemsController1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">Controller</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> ModelAndView <span class="hljs-title">handleRequest</span>(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception { <span class="hljs-comment">//调用Service查找 数据库,查询商品列表,这里使用静态数据模拟</span> List<Items> itemsList = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ArrayList<Items>(); <span class="hljs-comment">//向list中填充静态数据</span> Items items_1 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Items(); items_1.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"联想笔记本"</span>); items_1.setPrice(<span class="hljs-number">6000</span>f); items_1.setDetail(<span class="hljs-string">"ThinkPad T430 联想笔记本电脑!"</span>); Items items_2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Items(); items_2.setName(<span class="hljs-string">"苹果手机"</span>); items_2.setPrice(<span class="hljs-number">5000</span>f); items_2.setDetail(<span class="hljs-string">"iphone6苹果手机!"</span>); itemsList.add(items_1); itemsList.add(items_2); <span class="hljs-comment">//返回ModelAndView</span> ModelAndView modelAndView = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ModelAndView(); <span class="hljs-comment">//相当 于request的setAttribut,在jsp页面中通过itemsList取数据</span> modelAndView.addObject(<span class="hljs-string">"itemsList"</span>, itemsList); <span class="hljs-comment">//指定视图</span> modelAndView.setViewName(<span class="hljs-string">"/WEB-INF/jsp/items/itemsList.jsp"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> modelAndView; } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li></ul>
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 配置Handler --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"itemsController1"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"/queryItems.action"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.ssm.controller.ItemsController1"</span> /></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul>
1、Struts2是类级别的拦截, 一个类对应一个request上下文,SpringMVC是方法级别的拦截,一个方法对应一个request上下文,而方法同时又跟一个url对应,所以说从架构本身上SpringMVC就容易实现restful url,而struts2的架构实现起来要费劲,因为Struts2中Action的一个方法可以对应一个url,而其类属性却被所有方法共享,这也就无法用注解或其他方式标识其所属方法了。
2、由上边原因,SpringMVC的方法之间基本上独立的,独享request response数据,请求数据通过参数获取,处理结果通过ModelMap交回给框架,方法之间不共享变量,而Struts2搞的就比较乱,虽然方法之间也是独立的,但其所有Action变量是共享的,这不会影响程序运行,却给我们编码 读程序时带来麻烦,每次来了请求就创建一个Action,一个Action对象对应一个request上下文。
3、由于Struts2需要针对每个request进行封装,把request,session等servlet生命周期的变量封装成一个一个Map,供给每个Action使用,并保证线程安全,所以在原则上,是比较耗费内存的。
Struts2 和 SpringMVC 实现 RESTful 的不同
http://localhost/jpkc/item/1609032329404095427579225
实现上面这个链接,其中localhost是域名,jpkc是项目名。
Struts2实现方式
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">package</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"course_info_package"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">namespace</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"/item"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">extends</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"struts-default"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"*"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.jpkc.action.CourseAction"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">method</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"get_course_info"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"success"</span>></span>/story/story_02.jsp<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">result</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">action</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">package</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li></ul>
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CourseAction</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">ActionSupport</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">get_course_info</span>() { String actionName = ServletActionContext.getActionMapping().getName(); CourseInfo courseInfoFromDB = courseInfoDAO.findById(actionName); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (courseInfoFromDB == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">"404"</span>; } Course courseFromDB = courseDAO.findById(actionName); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (courseFromDB == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">"404"</span>; } setCourseInfo(courseInfoFromDB); setCourse(courseFromDB); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> SUCCESS; } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li></ul>
SpringMVC实现方式
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering">@Controller <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> CourseController { @RequestMapping(<span class="hljs-string">"/item/{id}"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> ModelAndView <span class="hljs-title">get_course_info</span>(ModelAndView model, @<span class="hljs-title">PathVariable</span>("id") String id) { <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (CM.validIsEmptyWithTrim(id)) { model.addObject(<span class="hljs-string">"message"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"没有找到此视频页面"</span>); model.setViewName(<span class="hljs-string">"/WEB-INF/jsp/error"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> model; } CourseInfo courseInfoFromDB=<span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { courseInfoFromDB = courseInfoService.selectByPrimaryKey(id); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e1) { System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"没有找到课程信息"</span>); } <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (courseInfoFromDB == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) { model.addObject(<span class="hljs-string">"message"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"没有找到此视频页面"</span>); model.setViewName(<span class="hljs-string">"/WEB-INF/jsp/error"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> model; } Course courseFromDB = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { courseFromDB = courseService.selectByPrimaryKey(id); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"没有查找到课程"</span>); } <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (courseFromDB == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) { model.addObject(<span class="hljs-string">"message"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"没有找到此视频页面"</span>); model.setViewName(<span class="hljs-string">"/WEB-INF/jsp/error"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> model; } model.addObject(<span class="hljs-string">"courseInfo"</span>, courseInfoFromDB); model.addObject(<span class="hljs-string">"course"</span>, courseFromDB); model.setViewName(<span class="hljs-string">"/story/story_02"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> model; } } </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li></ul>
对于类似于http://localhost/jpkc/item/id1这种链接,Struts2实现RESTful风格需要在代码中调用ServletActionContext.getActionMapping().getName()获取ActionName。SpringMVC直接将链接映射到方法参数里去了。
如果类似于http://localhost/jpkc/id2/id1这种链接,Struts2要进一步分析链接得到id1和id2。SpringMVC依然可以将id2映射到方法参数上。从调用的角度来看SpringMVC要方便一些。但是如果将Struts2获取方式封装一下,也可以得到同样的效果。
Struts2 和 SpringMVC 获取 request 参数的不同
前台页面有一个表单需要提交。
Struts2 接收 request 参数
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">form</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"login-form"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">action</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"/login_do"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">method</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"post"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">h3</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-title"</span>></span>登录系统<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">h3</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"alert alert-danger display-hide"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">button</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"close"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">data-close</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"alert"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">button</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">span</span>></span> 请输入用户名和密码 <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">span</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-group"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">label</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"control-label visible-ie8 visible-ie9"</span>></span>用户名<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">label</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"input-icon"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">i</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"fa fa-user"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">i</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">input</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-control placeholder-no-fix"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"text"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">autocomplete</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"off"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">placeholder</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"用户名"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"account.id"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-group"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">label</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"control-label visible-ie8 visible-ie9"</span>></span>密码<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">label</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"input-icon"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">i</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"fa fa-lock"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">i</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">input</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-control placeholder-no-fix"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"password"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">autocomplete</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"off"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">placeholder</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"密码"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"account.password"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-actions"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">button</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"submit"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"btn green pull-right"</span>></span> 登录 <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">i</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"m-icon-swapright m-icon-white"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">i</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">button</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">form</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li></ul>
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.jpkc.pojo; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.Serializable; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Account</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">Serializable</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String id; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String password; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String name; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">Account</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(); <span class="hljs-comment">// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub</span> } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getId</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> id; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setId</span>(String id) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.id = id; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getPassword</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> password; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setPassword</span>(String password) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.password = password; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getName</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> name; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setName</span>(String name) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.name = name; } } </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li></ul>
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.jpkc.action; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.HashMap; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.Map; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> com.jpkc.common.CM; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> com.jpkc.pojo.Account; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">AccountAction</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">BaseAction</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Account account; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">login_do</span>() { String method = getRequest().getMethod(); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (method.toUpperCase().equals(<span class="hljs-string">"GET"</span>)) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">"404"</span>; } <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (account == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> || CM.validIsEmpty(account.getId()) || CM.validIsEmpty(account.getPassword())) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> ERROR; } getSession().setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"accountSession"</span>, account); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> SUCCESS; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Account <span class="hljs-title">getAccount</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> account; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setAccount</span>(Account account) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.account = account; } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li></ul>
SpringMVC 接收 request 参数
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">form</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"login-form"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">action</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"admin/login_do"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">method</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"post"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">h3</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-title"</span>></span>登录系统<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">h3</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"alert alert-danger display-hide"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">button</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"close"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">data-close</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"alert"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">button</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">span</span>></span> 请输入用户名和密码 <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">span</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-group"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">label</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"control-label visible-ie8 visible-ie9"</span>></span>用户名<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">label</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"input-icon"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">i</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"fa fa-user"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">i</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">input</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-control placeholder-no-fix"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"text"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">autocomplete</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"off"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">placeholder</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"用户名"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-group"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">label</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"control-label visible-ie8 visible-ie9"</span>></span>密码<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">label</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"input-icon"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">i</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"fa fa-lock"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">i</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">input</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-control placeholder-no-fix"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"password"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">autocomplete</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"off"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">placeholder</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"密码"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"password"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"form-actions"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">button</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"submit"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"btn green pull-right"</span>></span> 登录 <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">i</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"m-icon-swapright m-icon-white"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">i</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">button</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">div</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">form</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li></ul>
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> com.jpkc.pojo; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.Serializable; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Account</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">Serializable</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String id; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String password; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String name; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">Account</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(); <span class="hljs-comment">// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub</span> } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getId</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> id; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setId</span>(String id) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.id = id; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getPassword</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> password; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setPassword</span>(String password) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.password = password; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getName</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> name; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setName</span>(String name) { <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.name = name; } } </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li></ul>
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">package <span class="hljs-keyword">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jpkc</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.controller</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import java<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.util</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.HashMap</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import java<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.util</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.Map</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import javax<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.servlet</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.http</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.HttpServletRequest</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import javax<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.servlet</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.http</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.HttpServletResponse</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import javax<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.servlet</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.http</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.HttpSession</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.codehaus</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jackson</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.map</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ObjectMapper</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.beans</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.factory</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.annotation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.Autowired</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.stereotype</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.Controller</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.web</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.bind</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.annotation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.RequestMapping</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.web</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.bind</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.annotation</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.RequestMethod</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import org<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.springframework</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.web</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.servlet</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ModelAndView</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import <span class="hljs-keyword">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jpkc</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.common</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.CM</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import <span class="hljs-keyword">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jpkc</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.exception</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.CustomException</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import <span class="hljs-keyword">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jpkc</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.mapper</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.CourseInfoMapper</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import <span class="hljs-keyword">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jpkc</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.pojo</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.Account</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import <span class="hljs-keyword">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jpkc</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.pojo</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.CourseInfo</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> import <span class="hljs-keyword">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.jpkc</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.service</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.LoginService</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> @RequestMapping(<span class="hljs-string">"/admin"</span>) @Controller public class LoginController { @Autowired LoginService loginService<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> @RequestMapping(value = <span class="hljs-string">"/login_do"</span>, method = { RequestMethod<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.POST</span> }) public void login_do(ModelAndView model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session, Account account) throws Exception { response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"utf-8"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setContentType</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"application/json;charset=utf-8"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<String, Object>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> String info<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> if (account == null || CM<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.validIsEmpty</span>(account<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getId</span>()) || CM<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.validIsEmpty</span>(account<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getPassword</span>())) { info = <span class="hljs-string">"用户名、密码都是必填项。"</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, false)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"info"</span>, info)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getWriter</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.write</span>(new ObjectMapper()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.writeValueAsString</span>(json))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> return<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> } session<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setAttribute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"accountSession"</span>, account)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, true)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getWriter</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.write</span>(new ObjectMapper()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.writeValueAsString</span>(json))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> return<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li></ul>
Struts2单个方法可以处理一个request,接收参数Account需要定义一个成员变量,Struts2会自动将对应的参数调用成员变量的set方法设置进去。处理方法可以在方法内获取到。用完还存在request级别Map中。
SpringMVC的单个方法也对应于一个request,接收参数Account需要定义一个方法参数,SpringMVC会自动将对应的参数设置到方法参数中去。处理方法可以在方法内获取到。用完即销毁。
可以看出两种框架都可以实现参数的自动转换。Struts2定义一个成员变量,其他方法都是可以共享的,不用重新定义。SpringMVC每个方法都是独立的,方法参数是每一个方法独享的。
各有利弊。
成员变量共享可以避免重复定义,但是方法一多,用到的成员变量原来越多,整个Action类会惨不忍睹,因为你不知道其中一个方法具体会用到哪几个成员变量。而且用不到的成员变量也被存储到request级别Map中了。造成内存的浪费。
方法参数是方法独享的。则不能复用到其他方法,但是对于当前方法来说有哪些参数足够明确,而且不用和其他方法搅合,干脆利落。
从JVM角度来说,Struts2成员变量会被分配到堆中。SpringMVC方法参数则会存在于方法栈中,一般认为栈比堆更轻量一些,方法结束,用完参数即回收。堆需要垃圾回收触发时才能统一回收。
Struts2 和 SpringMVC 限制访问方式GET和POST的不同
在上例中,表单提交有密码,需要指定只接受POST提交方式。
Struts2指定POST方式
<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> login_do() { <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> method <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> getRequest()<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>getMethod(); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (method<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>toUpperCase()<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span><span class="hljs-keyword">equals</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"GET"</span>)) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">"404"</span>; } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li></ul>
SpringMVC指定POST方式
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"> @RequestMapping(value = <span class="hljs-string">"/login_do"</span>, method = { RequestMethod<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.POST</span> }) public void login_do(ModelAndView model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session, Account account) throws Exception { response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"utf-8"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setContentType</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"application/json;charset=utf-8"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<String, Object>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> String info<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> if (account == null || CM<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.validIsEmpty</span>(account<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getId</span>()) || CM<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.validIsEmpty</span>(account<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getPassword</span>())) { info = <span class="hljs-string">"用户名、密码都是必填项。"</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, false)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"info"</span>, info)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getWriter</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.write</span>(new ObjectMapper()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.writeValueAsString</span>(json))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> return<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> } session<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setAttribute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"accountSession"</span>, account)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, true)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getWriter</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.write</span>(new ObjectMapper()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.writeValueAsString</span>(json))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> return<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li></ul>
Struts2限制只能通过POST方式访问,是通过调用request的getMethod方法来得到当前访问方式。然后手工的去判断。
SpringMVC也可以调用request的getMethod方法来判断,但是框架本身提供了方便的内置判断。使用注解即可。
Struts2通过拦截器设置好访问方式的代码后,也可以通过注解的方式指定拦截器得到同样的效果。本身不是太难的事情,两个框架都可以实现,Struts2需要手工实现,SpringMVC默认提供了。即使SpringMVC不提供,调用SpringMVC的拦截器也能和Struts2的拦截器的效果一样。在GET和POST访问限制方面,并没有谁优谁劣,都可以实现。只是SpringMVC愿意往前多走一小步。
Struts2 和 SpringMVC 拦截器的不同
后台页面需要登录,我们可以使用拦截器限制未登录的用户访问。
Struts2实现拦截器的方式
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">ManagerLoginInterceptor</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">AbstractInterceptor</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">intercept</span>(ActionInvocation invocation) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception { String actionName = ServletActionContext.getActionMapping().getName(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 如果是登录、注册、退出的话就不要拦截了</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (actionName.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"exit"</span>) || actionName.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"login"</span>) || actionName.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"login_do"</span>) || actionName.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"regist"</span>) || actionName.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"regist_do"</span>)) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> invocation.invoke(); } <span class="hljs-comment">// 如果不是管理员就不能进入</span> Manager managerTemp = (Manager) ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession().getAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"managerSession"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (managerTemp == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">"manager_login"</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment">//验证成功,放行。</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> invocation.invoke(); } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li></ul>
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">package</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"admin_package"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">namespace</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"/admin"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">extends</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"ssh-default"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">interceptors</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">interceptor</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"LoginManagerValidate"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.example.interceptor.ManagerLoginInterceptor"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">interceptor</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 自定义拦截器栈-拦截未登录的管理员- --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">interceptor-stack</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"LoginManagerValidateStack"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">interceptor-ref</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"LoginManagerValidate"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">interceptor-ref</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">interceptor-ref</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"defaultStack"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">interceptor-ref</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">interceptor-stack</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">interceptors</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"m_*"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.example.action.ManagerAction"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">method</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"m_{1}"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">interceptor-ref</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"LoginManagerValidateStack"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">interceptor-ref</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"success"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"json"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">param</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"root"</span>></span>json<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">param</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">result</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">action</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">package</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li></ul>
Struts2还提供了很多默认的拦截器供用户调用。
<code class="hljs applescript has-numbering"><interceptors> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"alias"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"autowiring"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"chain"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"conversionError"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"clearSession"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"createSession"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"debugging"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"externalRef"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExternalReferencesInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"execAndWait"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"exception"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"fileUpload"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"i18n"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"logger"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"modelDriven"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"scopedModelDriven"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"params"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"actionMappingParams"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"prepare"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"staticParams"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"scope"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"servletConfig"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"sessionAutowiring"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiringInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"timer"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"token"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"tokenSession"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"validation"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"workflow"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"store"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"checkbox"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"profiling"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"roles"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptor <span class="hljs-property">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"jsonValidation"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.JSONValidationInterceptor"</span>/> <interceptornameinterceptorname=<span class="hljs-string">"annotationWorkflow"</span><span class="hljs-type">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor"</span>/> </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li></ul>
SpringMVC实现拦截器的方式
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">LoginInterceptor</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">HandlerInterceptor</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 进入 Handler方法之前执行</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 用于身份认证、身份授权</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 比如身份认证,如果认证通过表示当前用户没有登陆,需要此方法拦截不再向下执行</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title">preHandle</span>(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception { <span class="hljs-comment">// 获取请求的url</span> String url = request.getRequestURI(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 判断url是否是公开 地址(实际使用时将公开 地址配置配置文件中)</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 这里公开地址是登陆提交的地址</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (url.indexOf(<span class="hljs-string">"login"</span>) >= <span class="hljs-number">0</span> || url.indexOf(<span class="hljs-string">"exit"</span>) >= <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// 如果进行登陆提交,放行</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment">// 判断session</span> HttpSession session = request.getSession(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 从session中取出用户身份信息</span> Account account = (Account) session.getAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"accountSession"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (account != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// 身份存在,放行</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment">// 执行这里表示用户身份需要认证,跳转登陆页面</span> request.getRequestDispatcher(<span class="hljs-string">"/manager/login.jsp"</span>).forward(request, response); <span class="hljs-comment">// return false表示拦截,不向下执行</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// return true表示放行</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment">// 进入Handler方法之后,返回modelAndView之前执行</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 应用场景从modelAndView出发:将公用的模型数据(比如菜单导航)在这里传到视图,也可以在这里统一指定视图</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">postHandle</span>(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"HandlerInterceptor1...postHandle"</span>); } <span class="hljs-comment">// 执行Handler完成执行此方法</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 应用场景:统一异常处理,统一日志处理</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">afterCompletion</span>(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"HandlerInterceptor1...afterCompletion"</span>); } } </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li></ul>
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-comment"><!--拦截器 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">mvc:interceptors</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!--多个拦截器,顺序执行 --></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 登录认证拦截器 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">mvc:interceptor</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">mvc:mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">path</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"/admin/**"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.jpkc.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">bean</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">mvc:interceptor</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">mvc:interceptors</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul>
拦截器实现机制上,Struts2有自己的interceptor机制,SpringMVC用的是独立的AOP方式。都可以实现在前后进行拦截。
Struts2 和 SpringMVC 支持 JSON 的不同
有时我们界面的一些操作,是通过 Ajax 调用后台的服务,获取服务器返回的 json 数据,进行后续的操作。
Struts2 实现JSON数据返回的方式
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"login_do"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"com.jpkc.action.AccountAction"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">method</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"login_do"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"success"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"json"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 这里指定将被Struts2序列化的属性,该属性在action中必须有对应的getter方法 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">param</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"root"</span>></span>json<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">param</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">result</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">action</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li></ul>
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">AccountAction</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">BaseAction</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 常用变量</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Map<String, Object> json;<span class="hljs-comment">// 返回到前台的map对象</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Account account; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">AccountAction</span>() { json = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HashMap<String, Object>(); } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">login_do</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (account == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> || CM.validIsEmpty(account.getId()) || CM.validIsEmpty(account.getPassword())) { info = <span class="hljs-string">"用户名、密码都是必填项。"</span>; json.put(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>); json.put(<span class="hljs-string">"info"</span>, info); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> SUCCESS; } getSession().setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"accountSession"</span>, account); json.put(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> SUCCESS; } }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li></ul>
<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering">$.post(<span class="hljs-string">"login_do"</span>, $(<span class="hljs-string">".login-form"</span>).serialize(), <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span><span class="hljs-params">(json)</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (json.success == <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>) { window.location.href=<span class="hljs-string">"shop/index.jsp"</span>; } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> { alert(<span class="hljs-string">"操作失败:"</span> + json.info); } }, <span class="hljs-string">"json"</span>);</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul>
SpringMVC 实现JSON数据返回的方式
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-comment"><!--注解适配器 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"messageConverters"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">list</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">bean</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">list</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">bean</span>></span> </code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li></ul>
<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering">$.post(<span class="hljs-string">"login_do"</span>, $(<span class="hljs-string">".login-form"</span>).serialize(), <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span><span class="hljs-params">(json)</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (json.success == <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>) { window.location.href=<span class="hljs-string">"shop/index.jsp"</span>; } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> { alert(<span class="hljs-string">"操作失败:"</span> + json.info); } }, <span class="hljs-string">"json"</span>);</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li></ul>
SpringMVC在控制器中返回json有两种方式。
一种是使用response返回json。
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"> @RequestMapping(value = <span class="hljs-string">"/login_do"</span>, method = { RequestMethod<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.POST</span> }) public void login_do(ModelAndView model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session, Account account) throws Exception { response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setCharacterEncoding</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"utf-8"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setContentType</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"application/json;charset=utf-8"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<String, Object>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> String info<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> if (account == null || CM<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.validIsEmpty</span>(account<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getId</span>()) || CM<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.validIsEmpty</span>(account<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getPassword</span>())) { info = <span class="hljs-string">"用户名、密码都是必填项。"</span><span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, false)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"info"</span>, info)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getWriter</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.write</span>(new ObjectMapper()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.writeValueAsString</span>(json))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> return<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> } session<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setAttribute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"accountSession"</span>, account)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> json<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.put</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, true)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> response<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getWriter</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.write</span>(new ObjectMapper()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.writeValueAsString</span>(json))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> return<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li></ul>
另一种是使用@ResponseBody注解方式。
<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering"> @RequestMapping(value = <span class="hljs-string">"/login_do"</span>, method = { RequestMethod.POST }) public @ResponseBody Map<<span class="hljs-built_in">String</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">Object</span>> login_do(ModelAndView model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session, Account account) throws Exception { Map<<span class="hljs-built_in">String</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">Object</span>> json = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HashMap<<span class="hljs-built_in">String</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">Object</span>>(); <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> info; <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (account == <span class="hljs-literal">null</span> || CM.validIsEmpty(account.getId()) || CM.validIsEmpty(account.getPassword())) { info = <span class="hljs-string">"用户名、密码都是必填项。"</span>; json.put(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>); json.put(<span class="hljs-string">"info"</span>, info); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> json; } session.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"accountSession"</span>, account); json.put(<span class="hljs-string">"success"</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> json; }</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li></ul>
可以看出,Struts2 和 SpringMVC 都可以实现 Ajax 请求返回 JSON。实现方式上,Struts2在配置文件配置返回类型为JSON。SpringMVC在方法上加一个@ResponseBody注解即可返回对应类型转成的JSON字符串。都是对返回数据转成JSON,但是不得不说SpringMVC的写法方便太多了。
Hibernate 和 MyBatis 在 ORM 侧重点的不同
Hibernate对数据库结构提供了较为完整的封装,Hibernate的O/R Mapping实现了POJO 和数据库表之间的映射,以及SQL 的自动生成和执行。程序员往往只需定义好了POJO 到数据库表的映射关系,即可通过Hibernate 提供的方法完成持久层操作。程序员甚至不需要对SQL 的熟练掌握, Hibernate/OJB 会根据指定的存储逻辑,自动生成对应的SQL 并调用JDBC 接口加以执行。
MyBatis 的着力点,则在于POJO 与SQL之间的映射关系。然后通过映射配置文件,将SQL所需的参数,以及返回的结果字段映射到指定POJO。 相对Hibernate“O/R”而言,MyBatis 是一种“Sql Mapping”的ORM实现。
SQL语句支持:Hibernate可以完全不用手写SQL语句,MyBatis手动维护SQL语句。Hibernate修改优化SQL语句困难,MyBatis由于SQL语句自己控制,优化非常方便。
开发速度:Hibernate的真正掌握要比Mybatis来得难些。Mybatis框架相对简单很容易上手,但也相对简陋些。
开发社区:Hibernate 与Mybatis都是流行的持久层开发框架,但Hibernate开发社区相对多热闹些,支持的工具也多,更新也快。而Mybatis相对平静,工具较少。
开发工作量:Hibernate和MyBatis都有相应的代码生成工具。可以生成简单基本的DAO层方法。
针对高级查询,Mybatis需要手动编写SQL语句,以及ResultMap。而Hibernate有良好的映射机制,开发者无需关心SQL的生成与结果映射,可以更专注于业务流程。
Hibernate 和 MyBatis 在调优方面的不同
- 制定合理的缓存策略;
- 尽量使用延迟加载特性;
- 采用合理的Session管理机制;
SQL优化方面
Hibernate的查询会将表中的所有字段查询出来,这一点会有性能消耗。Hibernate也可以自己写SQL来指定需要查询的字段,但这样就破坏了Hibernate开发的简洁性。而Mybatis的SQL是手动编写的,所以可以按需求指定查询的字段。
Hibernate HQL语句的调优需要将SQL打印出来,而Hibernate的SQL被很多人嫌弃因为太丑了。MyBatis的SQL是自己手动写的所以调整方便。但Hibernate具有自己的日志统计。Mybatis本身不带日志统计,使用Log4j进行日志记录。
扩展性方面
Hibernate与具体数据库的关联只需在XML文件中配置即可,所有的HQL语句与具体使用的数据库无关,移植性很好。MyBatis项目中所有的SQL语句都是依赖所用的数据库的,所以不同数据库类型的支持不好。
Hibernate 和 MyBatis 在对象管理与抓取策略的不同
对象管理
Hibernate 是完整的对象/关系映射解决方案,它提供了对象状态管理(state management)的功能,使开发者不再需要理会底层数据库系统的细节。也就是说,相对于常见的 JDBC/SQL 持久层方案中需要管理 SQL 语句,Hibernate采用了更自然的面向对象的视角来持久化 Java 应用中的数据。
换句话说,使用 Hibernate 的开发者应该总是关注对象的状态(state),不必考虑 SQL 语句的执行。这部分细节已经由 Hibernate 掌管妥当,只有开发者在进行系统性能调优的时候才需要进行了解。
而MyBatis在这一块没有文档说明,用户需要对对象自己进行详细的管理。当调用sqlSession.commit()方法时才会进行真正的提交。
抓取策略
Hibernate对实体关联对象的抓取有着良好的机制。对于每一个关联关系都可以详细地设置是否延迟加载,并且提供关联抓取、查询抓取、子查询抓取、批量抓取四种模式。 它是详细配置和处理的。
而Mybatis的延迟加载是全局配置的,在resultMap中使用association中的select指定延迟加载去执行的statement的id。
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 延迟加载的resultMap --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">resultMap</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.mybatis.po.Orders"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"OrdersUserLazyLoadingResultMap"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!--对订单信息进行映射配置 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">property</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"user_id"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">property</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"userId"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"number"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">property</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"number"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"createtime"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">property</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"createtime"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">result</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"note"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">property</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"note"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">association</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">property</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"user"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">javaType</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.mybatis.po.User"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">select</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper.findUserById"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"user_id"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 实现对用户信息进行延迟加载 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">association</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">resultMap</span>></span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li></ul>
Hibernate 和 MyBatis 在缓存机制的不同
Hibernate缓存
Hibernate一级缓存是Session缓存,利用好一级缓存就需要对Session的生命周期进行管理好。建议在一个Action操作中使用一个Session。一级缓存需要对Session进行严格管理。
Hibernate二级缓存是SessionFactory级的缓存。 SessionFactory的缓存分为内置缓存和外置缓存。内置缓存中存放的是SessionFactory对象的一些集合属性包含的数据(映射元素据及预定SQL语句等),对于应用程序来说,它是只读的。外置缓存中存放的是数据库数据的副本,其作用和一级缓存类似.二级缓存除了以内存作为存储介质外,还可以选用硬盘等外部存储设备。二级缓存称为进程级缓存或SessionFactory级缓存,它可以被所有session共享,它的生命周期伴随着SessionFactory的生命周期存在和消亡。
MyBatis缓存
MyBatis 包含一个非常强大的查询缓存特性,它可以非常方便地配置和定制。MyBatis 3 中的缓存实现的很多改进都已经实现了,使得它更加强大而且易于配置。
一级缓存是SqlSession级别的缓存,二级缓存是mapper(命名空间)级别的缓存,默认情况下是没有开启二级缓存的。
要开启二级缓存,你需要在你的 SQL 映射文件中添加一行: <cache/>
字面上看就是这样。这个简单语句的效果如下:
映射语句文件中的所有 select 语句将会被缓存。
映射语句文件中的所有 insert,update 和 delete 语句会刷新缓存。
缓存会使用 Least Recently Used(LRU,最近最少使用的)算法来收回。
根据时间表(比如 no Flush Interval,没有刷新间隔), 缓存不会以任何时间顺序 来刷新。
缓存会存储列表集合或对象(无论查询方法返回什么)的 1024 个引用。
缓存会被视为是 read/write(可读/可写)的缓存,意味着对象检索不是共享的,而 且可以安全地被调用者修改,而不干扰其他调用者或线程所做的潜在修改。
所有的这些属性都可以通过缓存元素的属性来修改。
比如: <cache eviction="FIFO" flushInterval="60000" size="512" readOnly="true"/>
这个更高级的配置创建了一个 FIFO 缓存,并每隔 60 秒刷新,存数结果对象或列表的 512 个引用,而且返回的对象被认为是只读的,因此在不同线程中的调用者之间修改它们会 导致冲突。可用的收回策略有, 默认的是 LRU:
LRU – 最近最少使用的:移除最长时间不被使用的对象。
FIFO – 先进先出:按对象进入缓存的顺序来移除它们。
SOFT – 软引用:移除基于垃圾回收器状态和软引用规则的对象。
WEAK – 弱引用:更积极地移除基于垃圾收集器状态和弱引用规则的对象。
flushInterval(刷新间隔)可以被设置为任意的正整数,而且它们代表一个合理的毫秒 形式的时间段。默认情况是不设置,也就是没有刷新间隔,缓存仅仅调用语句时刷新。
size(引用数目)可以被设置为任意正整数,要记住你缓存的对象数目和你运行环境的 可用内存资源数目。默认值是1024。
readOnly(只读)属性可以被设置为 true 或 false。只读的缓存会给所有调用者返回缓 存对象的相同实例。因此这些对象不能被修改。这提供了很重要的性能优势。可读写的缓存 会返回缓存对象的拷贝(通过序列化) 。这会慢一些,但是安全,因此默认是 false。
相同点
Hibernate和Mybatis的二级缓存除了采用系统默认的缓存机制外,都可以通过实现你自己的缓存或为其他第三方缓存方案,创建适配器来完全覆盖缓存行为。
不同点
Hibernate的二级缓存配置在SessionFactory生成的配置文件中进行详细配置,然后再在具体的表-对象映射中配置是那种缓存。
MyBatis的二级缓存配置都是在每个具体的表-对象映射中进行详细配置,这样针对不同的表可以自定义不同的缓存机制。并且Mybatis可以在命名空间中共享相同的缓存配置和实例,通过Cache-ref来实现。
两者比较
因为Hibernate对查询对象有着良好的管理机制,用户无需关心SQL。所以在使用二级缓存时如果出现脏数据,系统会报出错误并提示。
而MyBatis在这一方面,使用二级缓存时需要特别小心。如果不能完全确定数据更新操作的波及范围,避免Cache的盲目使用。否则,脏数据的出现会给系统的正常运行带来很大的隐患。
Hibernate 和 MyBatis 对比总结
两者相同点
Hibernate与MyBatis都可以是通过SessionFactoryBuider由XML配置文件生成SessionFactory,然后由SessionFactory 生成Session,最后由Session来开启执行事务和SQL语句。其中SessionFactoryBuider,SessionFactory,Session的生命周期都是差不多的。
Hibernate和MyBatis都支持JDBC和JTA事务处理。
Mybatis优势
MyBatis可以进行更为细致的SQL优化,可以减少查询字段。
MyBatis容易掌握,而Hibernate门槛较高。
Hibernate优势
Hibernate的DAO层开发比MyBatis简单,Mybatis需要维护SQL和结果映射。
Hibernate对对象的维护和缓存要比MyBatis好,对增删改查的对象的维护要方便。
Hibernate数据库移植性很好,MyBatis的数据库移植性不好,不同的数据库需要写不同SQL。
Hibernate有更好的二级缓存机制,可以使用第三方缓存。MyBatis本身提供的缓存机制不佳,更新操作不能指定刷新指定记录,会清空整个表,但是也可以使用第三方缓存。
Hibernate 封装性好,屏蔽了数据库差异,自动生成SQL语句,应对数据库变化能力较弱,SQL语句优化困难。
MyBatis仅实现了SQL语句和对象的映射,需要针对具体的数据库写SQL语句,应对数据库变化能力较强,SQL语句优化较为方便。
SSH 和 SSM 对比总结
SSH 和 SSM 的技术框架的不同只需要比较Struts2和SpringMVC的不同,以及Hibernate和MyBatis的不同。
对于不同的功能,两大技术阵营均有对应的解决方案。SSH将配置文件开发用到极致。SSM将注解开发用到极致。
企业进行技术选型,以低成本高回报作为技术选型的原则,根据项目组的技术力量来进行选择。
小弟水平有限,只能总结到这里。更进一步的底层代码级别的对比,才是本质的区别。用法上的区别只是表象而已,但是对于广大开发者来说,谁的开发者用户体验好,显然更能赢得开发者的青睐。
这里有一份Java工具和技术的调查,可以参考一下,http://f.dataguru.cn/article-9978-1.html
参考文献
http://blog.csdn.net/firejuly/article/details/8190229
http://blog.csdn.net/chenyi0834/article/details/7334963
http://blog.csdn.net/gane_cheng/article/details/52787040
http://blog.csdn.net/gane_cheng/article/details/52759099