2016年8月19日-第四章练习

1. 字符串和格式化的输入/输出
   
   • strlen()
   • const
   • 字符串
   • 创建和存储字符串
   • scanf()和print()读取
   • strlen()取长度

width.c
#include<stdio.h>
/* 使用修饰符和标志*/
#define PAGES 931
int main(void)
{
    printf("*%d*\n", PAGES);
    printf("*%2d*\n", PAGES);
    printf("*%10d*\n", PAGES);
    printf("*%-10d*\n", PAGES);
    getchar();
    return(0);
}


#include<stdio.h>
/* 使用修饰符和标志*/
int main(void)
{
    const double RENT = 3852.99; // 以const方法定义的常量
    printf("*%f*\n", RENT);
    printf("*%e*\n", RENT);
    printf("*%4.2f*\n", RENT);
    printf("*%3.1f*\n", RENT);
    printf("*%10.3f*\n", RENT);
    printf("*%10.3e*\n", RENT);
    printf("*%+4.2f*\n", RENT);
    printf("*%010.2f*\n", RENT);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}


#include<stdio.h>
/* 使用格式标志示例*/
int main(void)
{
    printf("%X %x %#x\n", 31, 31, 31);
    printf("**%d**% d**% d**\n", 31, 31,-31);
    printf("**%5d**%5.3d**%05d**%05.3d**\n", 6, 6,6,6);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

output:
1F 1f 0x1f
**31** 31**-31**
**    6**  006**00006**  006**



#include<stdio.h>
/* 使用格式标志示例*/
#define BLURB "Authentic imitation!"
int main(void)
{
    printf("/%2s/\n", BLURB);
    printf("/%24s/\n", BLURB);
    printf("/%24.5s/\n", BLURB);
    printf("/%-24.5s/\n", BLURB);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

/Authentic imitation!/
/    Authentic imitation!/
/                   Authe/
/Authe                   /



/*longstrg.c -- 打印较长的字符串*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    printf("Here's one way to print a");
    printf("long string.\n");
    printf("Here's one way to print a\
long string.\n");
    printf("Here's one way to print a"
    "long string.\n");
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

Here's one way to print along string.
Here's one way to print along string.
Here's one way to print along string.


/*input.c -- 打印较长的字符串*/

#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int age = 0;
    float assets = 0.0;
    char pet[30];
    printf("Enter your age,assets,and favorite pet.\n");
    scanf("%d %f", &age, &assets);
    scanf("%s", pet);
    printf("%d $%.2f %s\n",age,assets,pet);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}


/*varwid.c -- 使用可变宽度的输出字段*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    unsigned width, precision;
    int number = 256;
    double weight = 242.5;
    printf("What field withd?\n");
    scanf("%d", &width);
    printf("The number is:%*d :\n",width,number);
    printf("Now enter a width and a precision:\n");
    scanf("%d,%d", &width, &precision);
    printf("Weight = %*.*f\n", width, precision, weight);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}


/*skip2.c --跳过相应的输入项目*/
/* 读取文件的特定列(该文件的数据以统一的列排列)*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int n=0;
    printf("Please enter three integers:\n");
    scanf("%*d %*d %d", &n);
    printf("The last integer was %d\n", n);
    system("pause");
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

Please enter three integers:
12 12 13
The last integer was 13

4.5 关键概念

编程题：
1.

/*tallback.c --能够为您提供信息的对话程序*/
/* 读取文件的特定列(该文件的数据以统一的列排列)*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define DENSITY 62.4 // 人的密度
int main(void)
{
    float weight = 0.0, volume = 0.0;
    int size = 0, letters = 0;
    char name[40]; //name 是一个有40个字符的数组
    printf("Hi!,What's your first name?\n");
    scanf("%s", name);
    printf("%s,what's your weight in pounds?\n", name);
    scanf("%f", &weight);
    size = sizeof(name);
    letters = strlen(name);
    volume = weight / DENSITY;
    printf("well, %s, your volum is %2.2f cubic feet.\n",
        name, volume);
    printf("Also, your first name has %d letters,\n",
        letters);
    printf("and we have %d bytes to store it in.\n", size);
    getchar();
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

output：
Hi!,What’s your first name?
henry
henry,what’s your weight in pounds?
33
well, henry, your volum is 0.53 cubic feet.
Also, your first name has 5 letters,
and we have 40 bytes to store it in.

---

编程练习

/*name.c --输入姓和名*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char firstName[20];
    char lastName[20];
    printf("Please input your first name and lastname\n");
    scanf("%s %s", firstName, lastName);
    printf("Your name is %s %s\n",firstName, lastName);
    getchar();
    getchar();
    return 0;
}
---- 
/*name.c --输入姓和名*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main(void)
{
    char firstName[20];
    int width;
    char lastName[20];
    printf("Please input your first name and lastname\n");
    scanf("%s %s", firstName, lastName);
    printf("A: \"%s%s\"\n", firstName, lastName);
    printf("B: \"%20s\"\n", firstName );
    printf("C: \"%-20s%\"\n", firstName);
    width = strlen(firstName)+ 3;
    printf("D: \" %*s\"\n", width,firstName); // *对应width;
    getchar();
    getchar();
    return 0;
}
---
/*printf.c --按照格式输出*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    float a = 0.0;
    printf("Please input a float number\n");
    scanf("%f", &a);
    printf("a: The input is %.1f or %.1e\n", a, a);
    printf("b: The input is %+.3f or %.3e\n", a, a);
    getchar();
    getchar();
    return 0;
}


output:
Please input a float number
23.5
a: The input is 23.5 or 2.4e+01
b: The input is +23.500 or 2.350e+01