KGOL: 知识网格操作语言

KGOL: 知识网格操作语言 诸葛海 刘洁 摘要 　　本文介绍知识网格操作语言KGOL的设计和实现，该语言不仅能为Internet用户提供访问和管理知识资源的友好界面，还能为应用程序开发者提供编程环境，实现对全球分布的知识资源的共享和管理。KGOL的原型系统已经在织女星知识网格平台实现， 前言 　　下一代Internet的研究涉及三个重要方向：语义互联网、Web服务和网格。知识网格是一个智能互联环境，它能使人们（或虚拟角色）有效地获取、发布、共享和管理知识资源，并提供人们和其他服务所需要的知识服务，辅助实现知识创新、协同工作、问题解决和决策支持。知识网格研究的核心问题是资源的规范组织、智能聚合和语义互联。知识网格操作语言KGOL是知识网格VEGA-KG的重要组成部分，本文介绍KGOL的设计和实现。Internet用户可以方便地使用KGOL对知识网格进行建立、存贮、修改、检索等操作，实现对全球分布的知识资源的共享和管理。KGOL的编程环境包括：解析器、解释器、执行引擎和结果生成器。KGOL的特点可以通过和SQL, XQL和LOREL的分析比较体现。 关键词：网格，知识网格，网格操作语言，XML 1  Introduction The Semantic Web, Web Service and Grid are three ways to the next-generation Web.  The Semantic Web is to make the Web resources machine-understandable by using the markup languages like XML, RDF, and DAML ( http://www.semanticweb.org) so as to enable intelligent Web Services.  Web Services are applications that interact with each other using Web standards such as XML, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), WSDL (Web Service Description Language) and UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration).  The purpose is to provide an open platform for the development, deployment, intelligent interaction, and management of globally distributed e-services.  The Grid aims at the controlled sharing, coupling, and managing of globally distributed resources based on the high-performance computing environment ( http://www.gridforum.org).    Knowledge Grid is a Grid mechanism based on the Semantic Web for uniformly sharing and managing versatile knowledge resources across the Internet.  The Knowledge resources include information, services and knowledge.  The Knowledge Grid organizes knowledge resources in a Knowledge Space, a three-dimensional resource space [16].  Each point in the Knowledge Grid space represents resources at a certain location, a certain knowledge level and a certain knowledge category.  The prototype of the Knowledge Grid, named VEGA-KG, has been implemented and is available at http://kg.ict.ac.cn The Knowledge Grid operating language and the programming environment KGOL is an important portion of the VEGA-KG.  The KGOL includes two kinds of user interfaces: a friendly interface for end-users to use the KGOL statements separately to carry out resource operations, and a programming environment for application developers to implement the Knowledge Grid applications.  A KGOL program is composed of a sequence of KGOL statements, KGOL functions, and the control-statements [3], [9], [14].  The KGOL programming environment includes the following major components. 1.  An event-based parser, which parses a KGOL program and then generates a source tree. 2.  An interpreter, which travels the source tree to get the operators and the corresponding parameters. 3.  An execution engine, which performs the KGOL statements and generates a typed output instance. 4.  A result generator, which generates a result in the form of a complete XML document or a set of XML fragments from the output instance. 2  KGOL Grammar Specifications The syntax and semantics of the KGOL are designed by referring to that of the SQL.  For example, the statement of getting knowledge resources from a Knowledge Grid (KG) at the Concept level and the Software category can be expressed as follows: GET K from KG WHERE level="Concept" and category="Software". A major form of the KGOL statement is described as follows:  <KGOLStatement>∷=<Operator>[ALL | DISTINCT][Resource]                    [FROM|INTO] <Knowledge Grid  Name>[AT UGL]                    [WHERE <Condition-Expression>]                    [SORT BY <Knowledge Grid  Element>][ASC | DESC];  <Operator>∷= Get | Put | Delete | Undelete;  <Condition-Expression>∷=Level-coordinate-expression                        |Category-coordinate-expression                        |Keywords-expression | Name-expression. The Condition-Expression represents a Boolean expression specifying the level coordinate and the category coordinate of the Knowledge Grid as well as the other constraints such as keyword patterns [7].  The KGOL also has the assign-statement, the create-statement, the browse-statement, the update-statement, the <