设计模式,很早接触到软件编程的时候,就经常听到人说,设计模式的灵活应用是高级软件工程师必备,以及各种高大上的修饰.最初接触设计模式,应该是借同学的<大话设计模式>,在这里推荐一下,蛮不错的.然后,最火的应该是GOF的23种设计模式,不过我没怎么看,^_^.随着自身学习和工作的不断加深,觉得很有必要认真仔细的去研究一下了,因为自身主要开发iOS,所以,参考我标题的这本书为主.
@ 基本描述
GOF是这样描述工厂模式的:
“Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses.”
在基类中定义创建对象的一个接口,让子类决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法让一个类的实例化延迟到子类中进行。
工厂方法要解决的问题是对象的创建时机,它提供了一种扩展的策略,很好地符合了开放封闭原则。工厂方法也叫做虚构造器(Virtual Constructor).
@什么时候使用工厂方法?
@iOS中工厂方法的简单实现
举个例子,有一家生产衣服的工厂,它生产2种型号的衣服,一个为DOTA类,一个为LOL类,经销商需要进什么类型的货一定要显示的告诉工厂,生产指定的类型,这样很麻烦,后来它有钱了,开了两家工厂,一家单独生产DOTA类,一家单独生产LOL类,这样,经销商进货直接去找对应的工厂就行.
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface HMTClothes : NSObject
// 展示衣服类型
- (void)showClothesType;
@end
#import "HMTClothes.h"
@implementation HMTClothes
- (void)showClothesType{
}
@end
#import "HMTClothes.h"
@interface HMTClothes_Dota : HMTClothes
- (void)showClothesType;
@end
#import "HMTClothes_Dota.h"
@implementation HMTClothes_Dota
- (void)showClothesType{
NSLog(@"这件衣服的类型是Dota");
}
@end
#import "HMTClothes.h"
@interface HMTClothes_LOL : HMTClothes
- (void)showClothesType;
@end
#import "HMTClothes_LOL.h"
@implementation HMTClothes_LOL
- (void)showClothesType{
NSLog(@"这件衣服的类型是LOL");
}
@end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class HMTClothes;
@interface HMTClothesFactory : NSObject
- (HMTClothes *)makeClothes;
@end
#import "HMTClothesFactory.h"
@implementation HMTClothesFactory
- (HMTClothes *)makeClothes{
return nil;
}
@end
#import "HMTClothesFactory.h"
@interface HMTClothesDotaFactory : HMTClothesFactory
- (HMTClothes *)makeClothes;
@end
#import "HMTClothesDotaFactory.h"
#import "HMTClothes_Dota.h"
@implementation HMTClothesDotaFactory
- (HMTClothes *)makeClothes{
return [[HMTClothes_Dota alloc] init];
}
@end
#import "HMTClothesFactory.h"
@interface HMTClothesLOLFactory : HMTClothesFactory
- (HMTClothes *)makeClothes;
@end
#import "HMTClothesLOLFactory.h"
#import "HMTClothes_LOL.h"
@implementation HMTClothesLOLFactory
- (HMTClothes *)makeClothes{
return [[HMTClothes_LOL alloc] init];
}
@end
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
/**
* 实例变量的类型,是由进行了alloc的Class决定的,一般也就是等号的右边
* 就好比,NSMutableArray * mutableArray = 一个类型为NSArray的数组;它的实质还是一个NSArray类型,并
* 不能调用NSMutableArray的方法
*/
HMTClothesFactory *clothesFactory = [[HMTClothesDotaFactory alloc] init];
HMTClothes *clothes = [clothesFactory makeClothes];
[clothes showClothesType]; // -->输出的是"这件衣服的类型是Dota"
// 如果你想制造LOL衣服,直接把HMTClothesDotaFactory->HMTClothesLOLFactory即可
}