【Spring实战】----springMVC配置文件*-servlet.xml的解析

一、背景知识

1）在文章Spring实战篇系列----Spring配置文件的解析 中已经对spring配置文件的解析进行了说明，在web中的使用是基于org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener的，例如：

	<context-param>
	  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
	  <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<listener>
	  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

2）那么springMVC配置文件又是如何解析的呢，从上篇文章Spring实战篇系列----springMVC的配置我们已经知道如何配置使用：

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>Mango</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>
			org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
		</servlet-class>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>Mango</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

其中会默认解析/WEB-INF/Mango-servlet.xml文件，如何实现的？本篇文章就来解决如下问题：

二、解决问题

1）springMVC配置文件解析原理？

2）DispatcherServlet如何寻找配置文件，比如默认为/WEB-INF/Mango-servlet.xml？

3）springMVC配置文件中的自定义标签的解析，比如：<mvc:annotation-driven/>的作用？

接下来一一进行分析

三、分析

1）DispatcherServlet就是springMVC的入口，本身也是一个Servlet，有关Servlet的介绍可参见Java Web中的Servlet及Filter，springMVC配置文件的解析就是在DispatcherServlet初始化时进行的，其实和ContextLoaderListener解析配置文件的过程是一样的。DispatcherServlet是继承自FrameworkServlet，而FrameworkServlet又继承自HttpServletBean，init()方法，就是在HttpServletBean.java中执行的。

**
	 * Map config parameters onto bean properties of this servlet, and
	 * invoke subclass initialization.
	 * @throws ServletException if bean properties are invalid (or required
	 * properties are missing), or if subclass initialization fails.
	 */
	@Override
	public final void init() throws ServletException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
		}

		// Set bean properties from init parameters.
		try {
			PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
			BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
			ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
			bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
			initBeanWrapper(bw);
			bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
			throw ex;
		}

		// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
		initServletBean();

		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
		}
	}

直接看initServletBean()

/**
	 * Overridden method of {@link HttpServletBean}, invoked after any bean properties
	 * have been set. Creates this servlet's WebApplicationContext.
	 */
	@Override
	protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
		getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
		if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
			initFrameworkServlet();
		}
		catch (ServletException ex) {
			this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex) {
			this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			throw ex;
		}

		if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
			this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " +
					elapsedTime + " ms");
		}
	}

在其中就看到了我们熟悉的initWebApplicationContext()。FrameworkServlet.java

/**
	 * Initialize and publish the WebApplicationContext for this servlet.
	 * <p>Delegates to {@link #createWebApplicationContext} for actual creation
	 * of the context. Can be overridden in subclasses.
	 * @return the WebApplicationContext instance
	 * @see #FrameworkServlet(WebApplicationContext)
	 * @see #setContextClass
	 * @see #setContextConfigLocation
	 */
	protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
		WebApplicationContext rootContext =
				WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());  //ContextLoaderListener配置的上下文XmlWebApplicationContext
		WebApplicationContext wac = null;

		if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
			// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
			wac = this.webApplicationContext;
			if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
						// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
						cwac.setParent(rootContext);
					}
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
				}
			}
		}
		if (wac == null) {
			// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
			// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
			// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
			// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
			wac = findWebApplicationContext();
		}
		if (wac == null) {
			// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
			wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);    //创建DispatcherServlet的上下文
		}

		if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
			// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
			// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
			// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
			onRefresh(wac);
		}

		if (this.publishContext) {
			// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
			String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
			getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
			if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
						"' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
			}
		}

		return wac;
	}

/**
	 * Find the root {@code WebApplicationContext} for this web app, typically
	 * loaded via {@link org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener}.
	 * <p>Will rethrow an exception that happened on root context startup,
	 * to differentiate between a failed context startup and no context at all.
	 * @param sc ServletContext to find the web application context for
	 * @return the root WebApplicationContext for this web app, or {@code null} if none
	 * @see org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext#ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE
	 */
	public static WebApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
		return getWebApplicationContext(sc, WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
	}

这里顺便说下ContextLoaderListener如何配置上下文的，配置的为什么是XmlWebApplicationContext，ContextLoaderListener.java

/**
	 * Initialize the root web application context.
	 */
	@Override
	public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
		initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
	}

ContextLoader.java

/**
	 * Initialize Spring's web application context for the given servlet context,
	 * using the application context provided at construction time, or creating a new one
	 * according to the "{@link #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM contextClass}" and
	 * "{@link #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM contextConfigLocation}" context-params.
	 * @param servletContext current servlet context
	 * @return the new WebApplicationContext
	 * @see #ContextLoader(WebApplicationContext)
	 * @see #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM
	 * @see #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM
	 */
	public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
		if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
					"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
		}

		Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
		servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
			// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
			if (this.context == null) {
				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);   //创建
			}
			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
						// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
						ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
						cwac.setParent(parent);
					}
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);  //配置上下文，其中就包含了xml文件的解析
				}
			}
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
			//set进去，这里的就是上述取到的
			ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
			if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
				currentContext = this.context;
			}
			else if (ccl != null) {
				currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
			}

			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
						WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
			}
			if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
				long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
				logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
			}

			return this.context;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex) {
			logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Error err) {
			logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
			throw err;
		}
	}

看其createWebApplicationContext

 * Instantiate the root WebApplicationContext for this loader, either the
	 * default context class or a custom context class if specified.
	 * <p>This implementation expects custom contexts to implement the
	 * {@link ConfigurableWebApplicationContext} interface.
	 * Can be overridden in subclasses.
	 * <p>In addition, {@link #customizeContext} gets called prior to refreshing the
	 * context, allowing subclasses to perform custom modifications to the context.
	 * @param sc current servlet context
	 * @return the root WebApplicationContext
	 * @see ConfigurableWebApplicationContext
	 */
	protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
		Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
		if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
					"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
		}
		return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
	}

这里就是根据contextClass进行了实例化，那么contextClass是什么？

/**
	 * Return the WebApplicationContext implementation class to use, either the
	 * default XmlWebApplicationContext or a custom context class if specified.
	 * @param servletContext current servlet context
	 * @return the WebApplicationContext implementation class to use
	 * @see #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM
	 * @see org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
	 */
	protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
		String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);  //显然web.xml没有配置contextClass属性
		if (contextClassName != null) {
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
		else {  //实际走的是这里
			contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
	}

/**
	 * Name of the class path resource (relative to the ContextLoader class)
	 * that defines ContextLoader's default strategy names.
	 */
	private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "ContextLoader.properties";


	private static final Properties defaultStrategies;

	static {
		// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
		// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
		// by application developers.
		try {
			ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class);
			defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
		}
	}

看其上面代码就知道，其值是从ContextLoader.properties文件中获取的，ContextLoader.properties文件内容

# Default WebApplicationContext implementation class for ContextLoader.
# Used as fallback when no explicit context implementation has been specified as context-param.
# Not meant to be customized by application developers.

org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

这里实例化的就是XmlWebApplicationContext。

接着分析DispatcherServlet的上下文，构造函数中没有配置而且contextAttribute属性没有配置则走createWebApplicationContext，FrameworkServlet.java

/**
	 * Instantiate the WebApplicationContext for this servlet, either a default
	 * {@link org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext}
	 * or a {@link #setContextClass custom context class}, if set.
	 * <p>This implementation expects custom contexts to implement the
	 * {@link org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext}
	 * interface. Can be overridden in subclasses.
	 * <p>Do not forget to register this servlet instance as application listener on the
	 * created context (for triggering its {@link #onRefresh callback}, and to call
	 * {@link org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh()}
	 * before returning the context instance.
	 * @param parent the parent ApplicationContext to use, or {@code null} if none
	 * @return the WebApplicationContext for this servlet
	 * @see org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
	 */
	protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ApplicationContext parent) {
		Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();    //根据contextClass创建上下文
		if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			this.logger.debug("Servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
					"' will try to create custom WebApplicationContext context of class '" +
					contextClass.getName() + "'" + ", using parent context [" + parent + "]");
		}
		if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException(
					"Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
					"': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
					"] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
		}
		ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
				(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);

		wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
		wac.setParent(parent);
		wac.setConfigLocation(getContextConfigLocation());

		configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);   //这里也会解析DispatcherServlet的xml配置文件

		return wac;
	}

看下contextClass，有个默认值XmlWebApplicationContext，如果没有配置的话就是默认值XmlWebApplicationContext

/** WebApplicationContext implementation class to create */
	private Class<?> contextClass = DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS;

/**
	 * Default context class for FrameworkServlet.
	 * @see org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
	 */
	public static final Class<?> DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS = XmlWebApplicationContext.class;

以上解决第一个问题，配置文件解析原理，附上springMVC的初始化序列图：

2）DispatcherServlet如何寻找配置文件，看configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext配置文件解析

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac) {
		if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
			// The application context id is still set to its original default value
			// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
			if (this.contextId != null) {
				wac.setId(this.contextId);
			}
			else {
				// Generate default id...
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(getServletContext().getContextPath()) + "/" + getServletName());
			}
		}

		wac.setServletContext(getServletContext());
		wac.setServletConfig(getServletConfig());
		wac.setNamespace(getNamespace());
		wac.addApplicationListener(new SourceFilteringListener(wac, new ContextRefreshListener()));

		// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
		// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
		// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
		ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
		if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
			((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(getServletContext(), getServletConfig());
		}

		postProcessWebApplicationContext(wac);
		applyInitializers(wac);
		wac.refresh();    //实际工作的，几种wac=XmlWebApplicationContext
	}

看wac.refresh()，XmlWebApplicationContext没有，而其继承了AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext，而最终继承的是AbstractApplicationContext中的，AbstractApplicationContext.java

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
			// Prepare this context for refreshing.
			prepareRefresh();

			// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

			// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			try {
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Initialize message source for this context.
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				// Last step: publish corresponding event.
				finishRefresh();
			}

			catch (BeansException ex) {
				if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
					logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
							"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
				}

				// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
				destroyBeans();

				// Reset 'active' flag.
				cancelRefresh(ex);

				// Propagate exception to caller.
				throw ex;
			}

			finally {
				// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
				// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
				resetCommonCaches();
			}
		}
	}

上述一系列操作就是xml配置文件的加载解析，而且还会初始化非懒加载的实例类finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);要解决本结问题，只需看obtainFreshBeanFactory()

/**
	 * Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
	 * @return the fresh BeanFactory instance
	 * @see #refreshBeanFactory()
	 * @see #getBeanFactory()
	 */
	protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
		refreshBeanFactory();   //这里进行了xml文件的加载和beanFactory创建
		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
		}
		return beanFactory;
	}

refreshBeanFactory()在AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java中

/**
	 * This implementation performs an actual refresh of this context's underlying
	 * bean factory, shutting down the previous bean factory (if any) and
	 * initializing a fresh bean factory for the next phase of the context's lifecycle.
	 */
	@Override
	protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
		if (hasBeanFactory()) {
			destroyBeans();
			closeBeanFactory();
		}
		try {
			DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();  //创建的是DefaultListableBeanFactory
			beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
			customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
			loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);   //load配置文件
			synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
				this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
			}
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
		}
	}

loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory)在XmlWebApplicationContext.java中，这里就回到了最初创建的上下文XmlWebApplicationContext

/**
	 * Loads the bean definitions via an XmlBeanDefinitionReader.
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader
	 * @see #initBeanDefinitionReader
	 * @see #loadBeanDefinitions
	 */
	@Override
	protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException {
		// Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory.
		XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);

		// Configure the bean definition reader with this context's
		// resource loading environment.
		beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
		beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);
		beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));

		// Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,
		// then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.
		initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);
		loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);           //这里继续
	}

loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader)

/**
	 * Load the bean definitions with the given XmlBeanDefinitionReader.
	 * <p>The lifecycle of the bean factory is handled by the refreshBeanFactory method;
	 * therefore this method is just supposed to load and/or register bean definitions.
	 * <p>Delegates to a ResourcePatternResolver for resolving location patterns
	 * into Resource instances.
	 * @throws IOException if the required XML document isn't found
	 * @see #refreshBeanFactory
	 * @see #getConfigLocations
	 * @see #getResources
	 * @see #getResourcePatternResolver
	 */
	protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws IOException {
		String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();    //这里就是xml配置文件
		if (configLocations != null) {路径
			for (String configLocation : configLocations) {
				reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocation);   //这里就是配置文件的解析，在配置文件的解析篇有详解Spring实战篇系列----Spring配置文件的解析 
			}
		}
	}

重点来了，在getConfigLocations()中

public String[] getConfigLocations() {
		return super.getConfigLocations();
	}

/**
	 * Return an array of resource locations, referring to the XML bean definition
	 * files that this context should be built with. Can also include location
	 * patterns, which will get resolved via a ResourcePatternResolver.
	 * <p>The default implementation returns {@code null}. Subclasses can override
	 * this to provide a set of resource locations to load bean definitions from.
	 * @return an array of resource locations, or {@code null} if none
	 * @see #getResources
	 * @see #getResourcePatternResolver
	 */
	protected String[] getConfigLocations() {
		return (this.configLocations != null ? this.configLocations : getDefaultConfigLocations());
	}

同样，web.xml中是没有配置contextConfigLocation的，这里configLocations，是在createWebApplicationContext设置的

FrameworkServlet.java
wac.setConfigLocation(getContextConfigLocation());

/**
	 * Return the explicit context config location, if any.
	 */
	public String getContextConfigLocation() {
		return this.contextConfigLocation;
	}

继续看getDefaultConfigLocations()，默认的配置登场了XmlWebApplicationContext.java

/**
	 * The default location for the root context is "/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml",
	 * and "/WEB-INF/test-servlet.xml" for a context with the namespace "test-servlet"
	 * (like for a DispatcherServlet instance with the servlet-name "test").
	 */
	@Override
	protected String[] getDefaultConfigLocations() {
		if (getNamespace() != null) {
			return new String[] {DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_PREFIX + getNamespace() + DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_SUFFIX};
		}
		else {
			return new String[] {DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION};
		}
	}

namespace是在configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac)中进行设置的，FrameworkServlet.java

wac.setNamespace(getNamespace());

/**
	 * Return the namespace for this servlet, falling back to default scheme if
	 * no custom namespace was set: e.g. "test-servlet" for a servlet named "test".
	 */
	public String getNamespace() {
		return (this.namespace != null ? this.namespace : getServletName() + DEFAULT_NAMESPACE_SUFFIX);
	}

/**
	 * Suffix for WebApplicationContext namespaces. If a servlet of this class is
	 * given the name "test" in a context, the namespace used by the servlet will
	 * resolve to "test-servlet".
	 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_NAMESPACE_SUFFIX = "-servlet";

再结合getDefaultConfigLocations()，应该就知道本例默认的为什么是/WEB-INF/Mango-servlet.xml了

/** Default prefix for building a config location for a namespace */
	public static final String DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_PREFIX = "/WEB-INF/";

	/** Default suffix for building a config location for a namespace */
	public static final String DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_SUFFIX = ".xml";

科普下：

附上调用栈：

DispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).setContextConfigLocation(String) line: 355	
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]	
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 57	
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 43	
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 606	
BeanWrapperImpl$BeanPropertyHandler.setValue(Object, Object) line: 358	
BeanWrapperImpl(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor).setPropertyValue(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor$PropertyTokenHolder, PropertyValue) line: 454	
BeanWrapperImpl(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor).setPropertyValue(PropertyValue) line: 280	
BeanWrapperImpl(AbstractPropertyAccessor).setPropertyValues(PropertyValues, boolean, boolean) line: 95	
BeanWrapperImpl(AbstractPropertyAccessor).setPropertyValues(PropertyValues, boolean) line: 80	
DispatcherServlet(HttpServletBean).init() line: 128	
DispatcherServlet(GenericServlet).init(ServletConfig) line: 160	
StandardWrapper.initServlet(Servlet) line: 1266	
StandardWrapper.loadServlet() line: 1185	
StandardWrapper.load() line: 1080	
StandardContext.loadOnStartup(Container[]) line: 5027	
StandardContext.startInternal() line: 5314	
StandardContext(LifecycleBase).start() line: 150	
StandardHost(ContainerBase).addChildInternal(Container) line: 901	
StandardHost(ContainerBase).addChild(Container) line: 877	
StandardHost.addChild(Container) line: 618	
HostConfig.deployDirectory(ContextName, File) line: 1100	
HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run() line: 1618	
Executors$RunnableAdapter<T>.call() line: 471	
FutureTask<V>.run() line: 262	
ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker) line: 1145	
ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run() line: 615	
Thread.run() line: 745	

3）自定义标签的解析，在Spring实战篇系列----Spring配置文件的解析中也进行了说明，可参考，也可参考springMVC实现首页的重定向（以及标签使用）

4）最后说下关于springMVC相关的配置，看initWebApplicationContext()中的onRefresh(wac)

/**
	 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.
	 */
	@Override
	protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
		initStrategies(context);
	}

	/**
	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
	 * <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
	 */
	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
		initMultipartResolver(context);
		initLocaleResolver(context);
		initThemeResolver(context);
		initHandlerMappings(context);
		initHandlerAdapters(context);
		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
		initViewResolvers(context);
		initFlashMapManager(context);
	}

会看到这里初始化springMVC用到的构件。

总结：

springMVC配置文件*-servlet.xml的解析和org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener解析spring配置文件类似，只不过两者运行在各自的应用上下文（XmlWebApplicationContext）中。