想到要如何为所有的对象增加实例变量吗? 使用Category可以很方便地为现有的类增加方法,但却无法直接增加实例变量(有为此使用查表法的,也算曲线救国吧)。不过从Mac OS X v10.6开始,系统提供了Associative References,这个问题就很容易解决了。
我根据Objective-C Reference中的示例修改了一下,直接上代码了。重点是其中objc_setAssociatedObject的使用, 并且其中Key是一个地址,而不是字串。
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
/*Seciton 0. 关联数据的Key和Value*/
static char overviewKey;
static const char *myOwnKey = "VideoProperty\0";
static const char intValueKey = 'i';
NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc]
initWithObjects:@ "One", @"Two", @"Three", nil];
// For the purposes of illustration, use initWithFormat: to ensure
// we get a deallocatable string
NSString *overview = [[NSString alloc]
initWithFormat:@"%@", @"First three numbers"];
NSString *videoKeyValue = @"This is a video";
NSNumber *intValue = [[NSNumber alloc]initWithInt:5];
/*Section 1. 关联数据设置部分*/
objc_setAssociatedObject (
array,
&overviewKey,
overview,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN
);
[overview release];
objc_setAssociatedObject (
array,
myOwnKey,
videoKeyValue,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN
);
objc_setAssociatedObject (
array,
&intValueKey,
intValue,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN
);
/*Section 3. 关联数据查询部分*/
NSString *associatedObject = (NSString *) objc_getAssociatedObject (array, &overviewKey);
NSLog(@"associatedObject: %@", associatedObject);
NSString *associatedObject2 = (NSString *) objc_getAssociatedObject(array, myOwnKey);
NSLog(@"Video Key value is %@", associatedObject2);
NSString *assObject3 = (NSString *) objc_getAssociatedObject(array, &myOwnKey);
if( assObject3 )
{
NSLog(@"不会进入这里! assObject3 应当为nil!");
}
else
{
NSLog(@"OK. 通过myOwnKey的地址是得不到数据的!");
}
NSNumber *assKeyValue = (NSNumber *) objc_getAssociatedObject(array, &intValueKey);
NSLog(@"Int value is %d",[assKeyValue intValue]);
/*Section 3. 关联数据清理部分*/
objc_setAssociatedObject (
array,
&overviewKey,
nil,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN
);
objc_setAssociatedObject (
array,
myOwnKey,
nil,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN
);
objc_setAssociatedObject (
array,
&intValueKey,
nil,
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN
);
[array release];
}
return 0;
}
*可以使用如下指令在命令行下编译:
clang -o associates -g -x objective-c++ -Wall associates.mm -framework Foundation -lobjc