对于观察者模式还是第一次接触,今天在上网看了些资料了解了一下,大意了解了……
定义:“定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变的时候,所有依赖于它的对象都将得到通知,并自动更新”,这就是所谓的观察者模式,照意思理解那么就一定会有观察者和被观察者了,在Java1.2之后,提供了两个类,即Observable被观察者,Observer观察者;
在Android中也提供了一个类Observable用于观察者模式,下面看看Observable 的源码便可以大意理解了。
/*
* Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package android.database;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
* Provides methods for (un)registering arbitrary observers in an ArrayList.
*/
public abstract class Observable<T> {
/**
* The list of observers. An observer can be in the list at most
* once and will never be null.
*/
protected final ArrayList<T> mObservers = new ArrayList<T>();
/**
* Adds an observer to the list. The observer cannot be null and it must not already
* be registered.
* @param observer the observer to register
* @throws IllegalArgumentException the observer is null
* @throws IllegalStateException the observer is already registered
*/
public void registerObserver(T observer) {
if (observer == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null.");
}
synchronized(mObservers) {
if (mObservers.contains(observer)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Observer " + observer + " is already registered.");
}
mObservers.add(observer);
}
}
/**
* Removes a previously registered observer. The observer must not be null and it
* must already have been registered.
* @param observer the observer to unregister
* @throws IllegalArgumentException the observer is null
* @throws IllegalStateException the observer is not yet registered
*/
public void unregisterObserver(T observer) {
if (observer == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null.");
}
synchronized(mObservers) {
int index = mObservers.indexOf(observer);
if (index == -1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Observer " + observer + " was not registered.");
}
mObservers.remove(index);
}
}
/**
* Remove all registered observer
*/
public void unregisterAll() {
synchronized(mObservers) {
mObservers.clear();
}
}
}
当然这个类只是抽象类,如果我们需要用的话,还需要继承 这个类,这有一个方法,通知被观察者进行更新。
观察者模式是软体设计模式的一种。在此种模式中,一个目标物件管理所有相依于它的观察者物件,并且在它本身的状态改变时主动发出通知。
实现过程:“注册——通知——撤销注册”
1、观察者
(Observer)将自己注册到被观察对象(Subject)中,被观察对象将观察者存放在一个容器(Container)里。
2、被观察对象
被观察对象发生了某种变化,从容器中得到所有注册过的观察者,将变化通知观察者。
在Android中最常用的应用:
在ListView中Adapter中favoritesAdapter.registerDataSetObserver(mDataSetObserver);;数据改变之后会自动调用:
mDataSetObserver里面的方法;如:
DataSetObserver mDataSetObserver = new DataSetObserver() {
@Override
public void onChanged() {
if (favoritesAdapter.getCount() <= 0) {
showNoDeviceHint();
} else {
hiddenNoDeviceHint();
}
loadingImageButton.setVisibility(View.GONE);
super.onChanged();
}
@Override
public void onInvalidated() {
super.onInvalidated();
}
};