Android中观察者模式（Observable）的理解

对于观察者模式还是第一次接触，今天在上网看了些资料了解了一下，大意了解了……

定义：“定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发生改变的时候，所有依赖于它的对象都将得到通知，并自动更新”，这就是所谓的观察者模式，照意思理解那么就一定会有观察者和被观察者了，在Java1.2之后，提供了两个类，即Observable被观察者，Observer观察者；

在Android中也提供了一个类Observable用于观察者模式，下面看看Observable 的源码便可以大意理解了。

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.database;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * Provides methods for (un)registering arbitrary observers in an ArrayList.
 */
public abstract class Observable<T> {
    /**
     * The list of observers.  An observer can be in the list at most
     * once and will never be null.
     */
    protected final ArrayList<T> mObservers = new ArrayList<T>();

    /**
     * Adds an observer to the list. The observer cannot be null and it must not already
     * be registered.
     * @param observer the observer to register
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException the observer is null
     * @throws IllegalStateException the observer is already registered
     */
    public void registerObserver(T observer) {
        if (observer == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null.");
        }
        synchronized(mObservers) {
            if (mObservers.contains(observer)) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Observer " + observer + " is already registered.");
            }
            mObservers.add(observer);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes a previously registered observer. The observer must not be null and it
     * must already have been registered.
     * @param observer the observer to unregister
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException the observer is null
     * @throws IllegalStateException the observer is not yet registered
     */
    public void unregisterObserver(T observer) {
        if (observer == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null.");
        }
        synchronized(mObservers) {
            int index = mObservers.indexOf(observer);
            if (index == -1) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Observer " + observer + " was not registered.");
            }
            mObservers.remove(index);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Remove all registered observer
     */
    public void unregisterAll() {
        synchronized(mObservers) {
            mObservers.clear();
        }        
    }
}

当然这个类只是抽象类，如果我们需要用的话，还需要继承 这个类，这有一个方法，通知被观察者进行更新。

观察者模式是软体设计模式的一种。在此种模式中，一个目标物件管理所有相依于它的观察者物件，并且在它本身的状态改变时主动发出通知。

实现过程：“注册——通知——撤销注册”

1、观察者

（Observer）将自己注册到被观察对象（Subject）中，被观察对象将观察者存放在一个容器（Container）里。

2、被观察对象

被观察对象发生了某种变化，从容器中得到所有注册过的观察者，将变化通知观察者。

在Android中最常用的应用：

在ListView中Adapter中favoritesAdapter.registerDataSetObserver(mDataSetObserver);；数据改变之后会自动调用：

mDataSetObserver里面的方法；如：

DataSetObserver mDataSetObserver = new DataSetObserver() {

		@Override
		public void onChanged() {
			if (favoritesAdapter.getCount() <= 0) {
				showNoDeviceHint();
			} else {
				hiddenNoDeviceHint();
			}
			loadingImageButton.setVisibility(View.GONE);
			super.onChanged();
		}

		@Override
		public void onInvalidated() {
			super.onInvalidated();
		}

	};